銆�銆�鐧界喚鐕堬紙incandescent lamp锛夋槸灏囩噲绲查�氶浕鍔犵啽鍒扮櫧鐔剧媭鎱�(t脿i)锛屽埄鐢ㄧ啽杓诲皠鐧�(f膩)鍑哄彲瑕嬪厜鐨勯浕鍏夋簮銆傝嚜1879骞�锛岀編鍦嬬殑鎵橀Μ鏂�路鎰涜开鐢熷埗鎴愪簡纰冲寲绾栫董锛堝嵆纰崇挡锛夌櫧鐔剧噲浠ヤ締锛岀��(j墨ng)浜哄�戝皪鐕堢挡鏉愭枡銆佺噲绲茬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸厖濉�姘ｉ珨鐨勪笉鏂锋敼閫�(j矛n)锛岀櫧鐔剧噲鐨勭櫦(f膩)鍏夋晥鐜囦篃鐩告噳(y墨ng)鎻愰珮銆備絾鐧界喚鐕堢殑鐧�(f膩)鍏夋晥鐜囧強鍏朵粬鍏夐粸(di菐n)鍙冩暩(sh霉)姣旂瘈(ji茅)鑳界噲銆侀沟閹㈢噲绛夋柊鍏夋簮宸�锛屾�ｉ�愭�ヨ��鏂板厜婧愬彇浠ｃ��2012骞�10鏈�1鏃ヨ捣锛屼腑鍦嬬�佹�㈤��(j矛n)鍙ｅ拰閵峰敭100鐡︿互涓婃櫘閫氱収鏄庣櫧鐔剧噲銆�

銆�銆�鐧界喚鐕堟场鐐烘渶鏃╂垚鐔熺殑浜哄伐闆诲厜婧�锛屽畠鏄�鍒╃敤鐕堢挡閫氶浕鐧�(f膩)鐔辩櫦(f膩)鍏夌殑鍘熺悊鐧�(f膩)鍏夈��
銆�銆�涓�鑸�鑰岃█锛岀櫧鐔剧噲娉＄殑鐧�(f膩)鍏夋晥鐜囪純浣庯紝澹藉懡涔熻純鐭�锛屼絾浣跨敤涓婅純鏂逛究銆�
銆�銆�浜洪�炰娇鐢ㄧ櫧鐔剧噲娉″凡鏈�128骞寸殑姝峰彶浜�,鎻愬埌鐧界喚鐕�,澶у�惰嚜鐒舵渻鎯冲埌澶х��(f膩)鏄庡�舵剾杩�鐢�,浠栫偤浜嗘壘灏嬬櫧鐔剧噲绲茬殑鏉愭枡,瑭﹂��(y脿n)閬�6000澶氱ó鏉愭枡,鏈�绲傜敤鐐�绮剧挡瑭﹂��(y脿n)鍑轰簡鍙�鐪熸�ｆ剰缇╀笂鐨勭櫧鐔剧噲,浣跨敤浜�45灏忔檪涔嬪悗鐕堢挡鎵嶇啍鏂�,鍚庝締缍�(j墨ng)閬庢剾杩�鐢熷拰鍚庝締鑰呯殑涓嶆柗鏀归��(j矛n),鐧界喚鐕堟墠鏈変簡浠婂ぉ3000灏忔檪浠ヤ笂鐨勫＝鍛�.
銆�銆�Langmuir鍦ㄦ埃楂旇垏閲戝爆琛ㄩ潰鐩镐簰浣滅敤鏂归潰鐨勭爺绌朵娇寰楃櫧鐔剧噲鐨勫��(sh铆)闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ垚鐐虹従(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)銆侴E鍏�鍙哥�戝��(xu茅)瀹禬illiam Coolidge鍜孖rving Langmuir瀹屽杽浜嗙櫧鐔剧噲娉＄敤闊屾�ч帰閲戝爆鍒堕�犳妧琛�(sh霉)锛屽皣鍏跺嵎绻炴垚绲蹭互娓涘皯鐔辨悕鑰楋紝骞堕�氶亷浣跨敤鎯版�ф埃楂旈槻姝㈢噲娉＄櫦(f膩)榛�銆傛�ｆ槸灏嶆潗鏂欑殑鐮旂┒浣垮緱鐧界喚鐕堟┇绌哄嚭涓栵紝涔熼枊鍓�(chu脿ng)浜嗙敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)涓�鐨勬潗鏂欑�戝��(xu茅)鑸囧伐绋嬬殑閬�(y霉n)鐢�
銆�銆�鎰涜开鐢熺櫦(f膩)鏄庣櫧鐔剧噲鐐轰汉椤炴枃鏄庣殑鐧�(f膩)灞曞仛鍑轰簡寰堝ぇ鐨勮并鐛�(xi脿n),绲︿汉椤炲付渚嗕簡鍏夋槑銆備絾鐧界喚鐕堣垏鐣�(d膩ng)浠婄殑鐔掑厜绡�(ji茅)鑳界噲,LED绡�(ji茅)鑳界噲鐩告瘮,鍏剁櫦(f膩)鍏夊師鐞�,鐧�(f膩)鍏夎垏闆昏兘鏁堢巼浣庝笅,澹藉懡涔熸瘮杓冪煭,鐧�(f膩)鐔遍噺浠ュ強瀹夊叏鎬ф柟闈�,鍧囦笉鍙�鑸囩啋鍏夌瘈(ji茅)鑳界噲,LED鐕堢浉姣�,鎴戝�戝湪鎰熻瑵鎰涜开鐢熺殑鍚屾檪,鐐轰簡绡�(ji茅)鑳�,鐠�(hu谩n)淇�,涔熶笉寰椾笉璁撲粬鐧�(f膩)鏄庣殑鐧界喚鐕堣蛋涓嬫�峰彶鑸炶��.

銆�銆�鍦嬪�剁��(f膩)灞曟敼闈╁��銆佸晢鍕�(w霉)閮�銆佹捣闂�(gu膩n)绺界讲銆佸湅瀹跺伐鍟嗙附灞�銆佸湅瀹惰唱(zh矛)妾㈢附灞�鑱�(li谩n)鍚堝嵃鐧�(f膩)浜嗐�婇棞(gu膩n)浜庨�愭�ョ�佹�㈤��(j矛n)鍙ｅ拰閵峰敭鏅�閫氱収鏄庣櫧鐔剧噲鐨勫叕鍛娿��
銆�銆�鏄庣⒑涓�鍦嬮�愭�ユ窐姹扮櫧鐔剧噲璺�绶氬湒鍒嗙偤浜斿�嬮殠娈碉細
銆�銆�2011骞�11鏈�1鏃ヨ嚦2012骞�9鏈�30鏃ョ偤閬庢浮鏈�锛�
銆�銆�2012骞�10鏈�1鏃ヨ捣绂佹�㈤��(j矛n)鍙ｅ拰閵峰敭100鐡﹀強浠ヤ笂鏅�閫氱収鏄庣櫧鐔剧噲锛�
銆�銆�2014骞�10鏈�1鏃ヨ捣绂佹�㈤��(j矛n)鍙ｅ拰閵峰敭60鐡﹀強浠ヤ笂鏅�閫氱収鏄庣櫧鐔剧噲锛�
銆�銆�2015骞�10鏈�1鏃ヨ嚦2016骞�9鏈�30鏃ョ偤涓�鏈熻�曚及鏈�锛�
銆�銆�2016骞�10鏈�1鏃ヨ捣绂佹�㈤��(j矛n)鍙ｅ拰閵峰敭15鐡﹀強浠ヤ笂鏅�閫氱収鏄庣櫧鐔剧噲锛屾垨瑕栦腑鏈熻�曚及绲�(ji茅)鏋滈��(j矛n)琛岃��(di脿o)鏁�銆�
銆�銆�鐧�(f膩)鏀瑰�旇〃绀猴紝閫氶亷瀵�(sh铆)鏂借矾绶氬湒锛屽皣鏈夊姏淇冮��(j矛n)涓�鍦嬬収鏄庨浕鍣ㄨ�屾キ(y猫)鍋ュ悍鐧�(f膩)灞曪紝鍙栧緱鑹�濂界殑绡�(ji茅)鑳芥笡鎺掓晥鏋滐紝闋�(y霉)瑷堝彲鏂板�炵収鏄庨浕鍣ㄨ�屾キ(y猫)鐢�(ch菐n)鍊肩磩80鍎勫厓锛堜汉姘戝梗锛�銆佹柊澧炲氨妤�(y猫)宕椾綅绱�1.5钀�鍊�锛岃�屾垚骞寸瘈(ji茅)闆�480鍎勫崈鐡︽檪銆佸勾娓涘皯浜屾哀鍖栫⒊鎺掓斁4800钀�鍣哥殑鑳藉��銆�

銆�銆�杩戞棩锛岀敱鍦嬪�剁��(f膩)灞曟敼闈╁��銆佸晢鍕�(w霉)閮�銆佹捣闂�(gu膩n)绺界讲銆佸湅瀹跺伐鍟嗙附灞�銆佸湅瀹惰唱(zh矛)妾㈢附灞�銆佸湅鍕�(w霉)闄㈡��(j墨)闂�(gu膩n)浜嬪嫏(w霉)绠＄悊灞�鑱�(li谩n)鍚堜富杈︼紝涓�鍦嬮�愭�ユ窐姹扮櫧鐔剧��銆佸姞蹇�鎺ㄥ唬绡�(ji茅)鑳界噲闋�(xi脿ng)鐩�杈︽壙杈︾殑鈥滃憡鍒ョ櫧鐔剧噲娉÷烽粸(di菐n)浜�缍犺壊鐢熸椿鈥濇斂搴滃湪琛屽嫊涓婚�屽�ｅ偝娲诲嫊鍦ㄤ腑鍦嬪伐绋嬮櫌鑸夎��锛屼締鑷�鏀垮簻閮ㄩ杸銆佽�屾��(y猫)鍗�(xi茅)鏈冦�佺爺绌舵��(j墨)妲�(g貌u)銆佷紒妤�(y猫)銆佸獟楂旂瓑100浣欏悕浠ｈ〃鍙冨姞娲诲嫊銆傚湅瀹剁櫦(f膩)灞曟敼闈╁�斿壇涓讳换瑙ｆ尟鑿�銆佽伅(li谩n)鍚堝湅椐愯彲鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)鍝″吋鑱�(li谩n)鍚堝湅闁嬬櫦(f膩)瑷堝妰缃查�愯彲浠ｈ〃缇呴粵鐞冲コ澹�銆佸湅瀹跺伐鍟嗙附灞�鍓�灞�闀风敇闇�銆佸湅瀹惰唱(zh矛)妾㈢附灞�鍓�灞�闀峰��澶у亯銆佸湅鍕�(w霉)闄㈡��(j墨)闂�(gu膩n)浜嬪嫏(w霉)绠＄悊灞�鍓�灞�闀锋潕瀵舵Ξ鍑哄腑娲诲嫊骞惰嚧杈�锛屼腑鍦嬪伐绋嬮櫌闄㈤暦鍛ㄦ��(j矛)涔熷嚭甯�浜嗘椿鍕�銆�
銆�銆�瑙ｆ尟鑿�鍦ㄨ瑳瑭变腑鎸囧��锛岀収鏄庣瘈(ji茅)闆绘槸涓栫晫鍚勫湅鎺ㄥ嫊绡�(ji茅)鑳芥笡鎺�銆佹噳(y墨ng)灏嶆埃鍊欒畩鍖栫殑閲嶈�佸��(n猫i)瀹癸紝鍦嬮殯涓婂凡鏈夊崄骞惧�嬪湅瀹跺拰鍦板崁(q奴)鐧�(f膩)甯冧簡娣樻卑鐧界喚鐕堣矾绶氬湒浠ュ強鎺ㄥ唬缍犺壊鐓ф槑鐨勮�屽嫊瑷堝��銆傜爺绌跺牨鍛婇’绀�锛屽叏鐞冪収鏄庣敤闆诲崰鍒扮附鐢ㄩ浕閲忕殑19%锛屾垜鍦嬬収鏄庣敤闆荤磩鍗犲叏绀炬渻鐢ㄩ浕閲忕殑13%锛屽�傛灉鎶婃垜鍦嬪湪鐢ㄧ��14鍎勫彧鐧界喚鐕堝叏閮ㄦ浛鎻涚偤绡�(ji茅)鑳界噲锛屾瘡骞村彲瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)绡�(ji茅)闆�480鍎勫害锛岀浉鐣�(d膩ng)浜庢笡灏戜簩姘у寲纰虫帓鏀�4800钀�鍣�锛岀瘈(ji茅)鑳芥笡鎺掓經鍔涘緢澶с��2011骞�11鏈�1鏃�锛屽湅瀹剁櫦(f膩)灞曟敼闈╁�斻�佸晢鍕�(w霉)閮�銆佹捣闂�(gu膩n)绺界讲銆佸湅瀹跺伐鍟嗙附灞�銆佸湅瀹惰唱(zh矛)妾㈢附灞�鑱�(li谩n)鍚堢櫦(f膩)甯冦�婁腑鍦嬮�愭�ユ窐姹扮櫧鐔剧噲璺�绶氬湒銆嬶紝鏄庣⒑寰�2012骞�10鏈�1鏃ヨ捣锛屽垎闅庢�甸�愭�ョ�佹�㈤��(j矛n)鍙ｅ拰閵峰敭鏅�閫氱収鏄庣櫧鐔剧噲锛岄�欐槸鐐虹⒑淇濆��(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鈥滃崄浜屼簲鈥濈瘈(ji茅)鑳芥笡鎺掔洰妯�(bi膩o)浠诲嫏(w霉)銆佺�嶆サ鎳�(y墨ng)灏嶅叏鐞冩埃鍊欒畩鍖栫殑鍙堜竴鍊嬬�嶆サ鑸夋��銆備粬寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)锛屾垜鍦嬫槸鐓ф槑鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺敓鐢�(ch菐n)澶у湅锛岀偤鍏ㄧ悆甯傚牬渚涙噳(y墨ng)浜�30%浠ヤ笂鐨勭櫧鐔剧噲鍜�85%鐨勭瘈(ji茅)鑳界噲銆備腑鍦嬮�愭�ユ窐姹扮櫧鐔剧噲璺�绶氬湒鐨勭櫦(f膩)甯冨��(sh铆)鏂�锛屼笉鍍呭皣灏嶄腑鍦嬬収鏄庨浕鍣ㄨ�屾��(y猫)杞�(zhu菐n)鍨嬪崌绱氾紝鍏ㄧぞ鏈冪瘈(ji茅)鑳芥笡鎺掔敘(ch菐n)鐢熺�嶆サ褰遍��锛涗篃鏈冪偤鍏ㄧ悆绡�(ji茅)绱勮兘婧愩�佹笡灏戞韩瀹ゆ埃楂旀帓鏀惧仛鍑洪噸瑕佽并鐛�(xi脿n)锛涙洿閲嶈�佺殑鏄�閫氶亷涓�鐩炵噲锛屽皣缍犺壊浣庣⒊鐨勭悊蹇靛偝閬炲埌鍗冨�惰惉鎴跺拰姣忓�嬩汉鐨勫績涓�銆�