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銆�銆�纭欢鍒╃敤鐜囷細
銆�銆�浠ヤ簲闅嶧IR婵炬尝鍣ㄧ偤渚嬶細
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銆�銆�瑭茬祼妲嬬殑绌哄晱鏅傞枔琛ㄧず濡傚湒2鎵�绀恒�傛┇杌哥偤鏅傞枔杌�锛岀副杌哥偤铏曠悊鍣ㄨ桓銆傚湒涓殑姣忎竴琛屽皪鎳変竴鍊嬭檿鐞嗗櫒?锛熸ⅱ閽ュ惞鐨嗚穪r闁撹桓鐨勬煇涓�榛炰笂锛岃几鍏ユ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)x(n)鍦ㄥ悓涓�鏅傞枔鍔嶉仈鎵�鏈夎檿鐞嗗櫒锛屽嵆杓稿叆"寤ｆ挱";鍦ㄨ檿鐞嗗櫒杌哥殑鏌愪竴榛炰笂锛屾瑠閲嵪塱鍦ㄥ悇铏曠悊鍣ㄤ腑铏曚簬鐩稿悓鐨勭┖闁撳潗妯�锛屽洜姝ゆ瑠閲�"淇濇寔";鑰岃几鍑烘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)y(n)鍦ㄤ笉鍚岀殑绌洪枔鍜屾檪闁撳緱鍒�锛屾墍浠ヨ几鍑�"绉诲嫊"銆傝┎FIR婵炬尝鍣ㄧ偤杓稿叆寤ｆ挱銆佹瑠閲嶄繚鎸併�佽几鍑虹Щ鍕曞瀷鐨勮剤鍕曢櫍鍒楃祼妲�銆�
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銆�銆�4 FPGA椹楄瓑
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銆�銆�FIR婵炬尝鍣ㄦ槸鏁�(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熻檿鐞嗕腑鐨勪竴绋熀鏈亱绠�锛屾湁钁楀唬娉涚殑鎳夌敤銆傚熀浜庤剤鍕曢櫍鍒楃祼妲�锛屾湰鏂囪ō瑷堜簡楂樻晥鐨凢IR婵炬尝鍣�銆傛ā濉婂寲鍜岄珮搴︽祦姘寸窔鐨勭祼妲嬩娇寰楀叾鍦‵PGA涓婄嵅寰椾簡杓冨ソ鐨勬�ц兘锛屽畬鍏ㄥ彲浠ユ豢瓒崇郴绲�(t菕ng)楂樻晥銆佸鏅傝檿鐞嗙殑瑕佹眰锛屾彁楂樹簡绯荤当(t菕ng)閬嬬畻閫熷害骞跺厖鍒嗗悎鐞嗗湴鍒╃敤浜咶PGA璩囨簮銆傚彟澶栵紝鐢变簬鑴堝嫊闄ｅ垪鑷韩鐨勭壒榛烇紝鍚勭礆绲愭鐩稿悓锛屾柟渚挎摯灞�锛屽彲浠ュ鐝�(xi脿n)浠绘剰闅庣殑FIR婵炬尝鍣�銆�
銆�銆�1. 寮曡█
銆�銆�闅ㄨ憲鏁�(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熻檿鐞嗙悊璜栧強鎳夌敤鎶�琛撶殑杩呴�熺櫦(f膩)灞�锛屽湪涓�鍊嬫暩(sh霉)瀛楃郴绲�(t菕ng)涓彧鐢ㄤ竴鍊嬮噰妯ｉ牷鐜囧凡 缍�(j墨ng)寰堥洠婊胯冻瑕佹眰銆傚湪瀵﹂殯鐨勬噳鐢ㄤ腑锛岀稉(j墨ng)甯告渻閬囧埌閲囨ǎ鐜囩殑杞夋彌鍟忛锛屽嵆瑕佹眰涓�鍊嬫暩(sh霉)瀛楃郴绲�(t菕ng)鑳� 宸ヤ綔鍦ㄢ�滃閲囨ǎ鐜団�濈媭鎱�(t脿i)銆傝繎骞翠締锛屽缓绔嬪湪閲囨ǎ鐜囪綁鎻涘熀绀庝笂鐨勨�滃閲囨ǎ鐜囨暩(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熻檿鐞嗏�� 宸叉垚鐐烘暩(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熻檿鐞嗗绉戜腑鐨勪富瑕佺爺绌跺収(n猫i)瀹逛箣涓�銆傜洿瑙�鍦拌�冩叜锛岄鍏堝皣浠ラ噰妯ｇ巼 F1 閲囬泦鐨� 鏁�(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熼�茶鏁�(sh霉)妯¤綁鎻涳紝閫欐ǎ灏辫畩鎴愭ā鎿俊铏�锛屽啀鎸夐噰妯ｇ巼 F2 閫茶妯℃暩(sh霉)杞夋彌锛屽緸鑰屽鐝�(xi脿n)浜� 寰濬1 鍒癋2 鐨勯噰妯ｇ巼杞夋彌锛岄�欏氨鏄畩鎻涢噰妯ｇ巼鐨勬渶绨″柈鏂规硶銆備絾鏄�欐ǎ杓冮夯鐓�锛屼笖鏄撲娇淇� 铏熷彈鍒版悕鍌�锛屾墍浠ュ湪瀵﹂殯鎳夌敤鐨勮畩閲囨ǎ绯荤当(t菕ng)涓�锛屾敼璁婇噰妯ｉ牷鐜囧苟涓嶇稉(j墨ng)閬庢ā鎿俊铏�锛岃�屾槸瀹屽叏 鍦ㄦ暩(sh霉)瀛楀煙涓鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勩�傚湪鏁�(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熻檿鐞嗕腑锛屾烤娉㈠崰鏈夋サ鍏堕噸瑕佺殑浣滅敤锛岄仼鐢ㄤ簬璁婇噰妯ｇ巼绯荤当(t菕ng) 涓殑鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒灏辨槸鏈枃瑕佽珖璜栫殑涓昏鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
銆�銆�2.FIR 鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒鐨勮ō瑷堥亷绋嬪強绲愭
銆�銆�鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒鏍规摎(j霉)鍏舵矕鎿婇熆鎳夊嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬檪鍩熺壒鎬э紝鍙垎鐐哄叐绋細鐒￠檺闀锋矕婵�闊挎噳锛圛IR锛夋烤娉㈠櫒鍜屾湁闄愰暦娌栨縺闊挎噳锛團IR锛夋烤娉㈠櫒銆侳IR 婵炬尝鍣ㄨ寤ｆ硾鎳夌敤浜庡悇椤炴暩(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熻檿鐞嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)锛� 瀹冪殑绯荤当(t菕ng)绺芥槸绌�(w臎n)瀹氱殑锛屽彲浠ユ豢瓒虫烤娉㈠櫒灏嶅箙搴﹀拰鐩镐綅鐗规�х殑鍤存牸瑕佹眰锛岄伩鍏嶆ā鎿烤娉㈠櫒婧紓 鍜屽櫔鑱茬瓑鍟忛锛屾槗瀵︾従(xi脿n)绶氭�х浉浣嶄笖鏄撶敤纭欢瀵︾従(xi脿n)锛岄�欎簺閮芥槸FIR 绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭獊鍑哄劒(y艒u)榛烇紝涔熸槸IIR 绯荤当(t菕ng)涓嶆槗瀵︾従(xi脿n)鐨�銆傜洝绠IR 婵炬尝鍣ㄧ郴绲�(t菕ng)姣擣IR 婵炬尝鍣ㄧ郴绲�(t菕ng)鏄撳彇寰楄純濂界殑閫氬付鍜岄樆甯惰“娓涚壒鎬�锛� FIR 绯荤当(t菕ng)鑻ヨ鍙栧緱杓冨ソ鐨勮“娓涚壒鎬�锛屼竴鑸姹傜郴绲�(t菕ng)鍑芥暩(sh霉)H(z)闅庢瑕侀珮锛屼篃鍗虫烤娉㈠櫒闀峰害M 瑕佸ぇ銆傜稖鍚堜互涓婅�冩叜锛屾湰鏂囬伕鐢‵IR 婵炬尝鍣ㄤ締瀹屾垚瑷▓銆�
銆�銆�2.1FIR 鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗強瑷▓鍩虹
銆�銆�鍦�1 涓瓁(n)鏄几鍏ヤ俊铏燂紝x(n-i)鏄欢鏅備簡i 鍊嬮噰妯ｅ懆鏈熺殑杓稿叆淇¤櫉锛宧(i)(i = 0,1,鈥�,n-1)鏄i 鍊嬪欢鏅傜瘈(ji茅)鐨勫姞娆婂�硷紙鍗虫烤娉㈠櫒绯绘暩(sh霉)锛夛紝y(n)鏄檪鍒籺 = nT 鏅傛烤娉㈠櫒鐨勮几鍑轰俊铏�銆�
銆�銆�FIR 鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒鐨勮ō瑷堜竴鑸缍�(j墨ng)閬庝笁姝2]锛氱⒑瀹氱洰妯欍�侀�艰繎鍜岃▓绠楁瀵︾従(xi脿n)銆傞�氬父鍦ㄨō瑷� 婵炬尝鍣ㄤ箣鍓�锛屾噳瑭插厛鏍规摎(j霉)鍏烽珨鐨勬噳鐢ㄧ⒑瀹氫竴浜涙妧琛撴寚妯�銆傛寚妯欑殑褰㈠紡涓�鑸湪闋诲煙涓郸鍑哄箙搴� 鍜岀浉浣嶉熆鎳�銆傚箙搴︽寚妯欎富瑕佹湁2 绋柟寮�锛屽垎鍒ユ槸鎸囨鍜岀浉灏嶆寚妯�銆傚湪纰哄畾浜嗘妧琛撴寚妯欎箣 鍚庯紝灏卞彲浠ユ牴鎿�(j霉)鏁�(sh霉)瀛哥煡璀樺拰婵炬尝鍣ㄧ殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊纰哄畾婵炬尝鍣ㄧ殑妯″瀷渚嗛�艰繎绲﹀畾鐨勬寚妯�銆備笂鍏╂ 鐨勭祼鏋滈�氬父鏄緱鍒颁互宸垎鎴栫郴鏁�(sh霉)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鎴栨矕鎿婇熆鎳夋弿杩扮殑婵炬尝鍣�锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)閫欏�嬫弿杩扮敤纭欢鎴栬粺浠� 瀵︾従(xi脿n)骞跺垎鏋愬叾闋荤巼鐗规�у拰鐩镐綅鐗规�с�傝嚦姝ゅ畬鎴愪簡涓�鍊嬫烤娉㈠櫒瑷▓鐨勫叏閬庣▼銆�
銆�銆�2.2 鍒╃敤Matlab 瀵︾従(xi脿n)FIR 鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒
銆�銆�Matlab 鏄竴鍊嬩氦浜掑紡鐨勪互鐭╅櫍鐐哄熀绀庣殑杌熶欢锛屽畠琚唬娉涙噳鐢ㄨ垏鏁欏銆佺鐮斿拰宸ョ▼瑷▓ 绛夊悇鍊嬮牁鍩熴�傞毃钁桵atlab 杌熶欢鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�锛屽挨鍏舵槸Matlab 鐨勪俊铏熻檿鐞嗗伐鍏风鐨勪笉鏂峰畬鍠�锛屼笉鍍� 鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒鐨勮▓绠楁杓斿姪瑷▓鏈変簡鍙兘锛岃�屼笖閭勫彲浠ヤ娇瑷▓閬斿埌鍖�銆�
銆�銆�鍦ㄦ暩(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熻檿鐞嗛牁鍩熼噷锛岄噰妯ｉ牷鐜囪綁鎻涘氨鏄皣淇¤櫉閲囨ǎ闋荤巼寰炰竴鍊嬬郸瀹氱殑闋荤巼F1=1/T1 杞夋彌鍒板彟涓�闋荤巼F2=1/T2 鐨勯亷绋�锛屽畠鏄竴鍊嬮潪绶氭�ч亷绋�銆傜暥鏂扮殑閲囨ǎ闋荤巼楂樹簬鍘熷闋荤巼锛屽嵆 F2 > F1 鏅�锛岀ū鐐哄崌閲囨ǎ鐜囨垨鎻掑�硷紱鍙嶄箣锛岀暥鏂扮殑閲囨ǎ闋荤巼浣庝簬鍘熷闋荤巼锛岀ū鐐洪檷閲囨ǎ鐜囨垨 鎶藉彇銆�
銆�銆�瑷皪鏌愰檺甯舵檪闁撴尝褰(t),浠ラ噰妯ｇ巼fs锛堝湪婊胯冻閲囨ǎ瀹氱悊鐨勬浠朵笅锛夐�茶閲囨ǎ锛屽緱鍒版檪
銆�銆�鍩轰簬鍗婂付婵炬尝鍣ㄧ殑鍎�(y艒u)榛�锛屽湪鍗婂付婵炬尝鍣ㄧ殑鍩虹涓婅ō瑷團IR 婵炬尝鍣ㄤ竴鑸噰鐢ㄧ瓑娉㈢磱閫艰繎 娉�锛岃┎鏂规硶灏嶅悓妯ｇ殑鎶�琛撴寚妯�锛岃兘浣胯宸潎鍕诲垎甯冨湪鏁村�嬮牷甯讹紝鑰屼笖閫欑ó閫艰繎娉曢渶瑕佺殑婵炬尝 鍣ㄩ殠鏁�(sh霉)浣�锛屼笖瑾ゅ樊鏈�灏忋��
銆�銆�绲﹀畾鍗婂付婵炬尝鍣ㄧ殑瑷▓鎸囨锛�
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銆�銆�鏍规摎(j霉)涓婅堪鎸囨锛岀祼鍚堝叾鍎�(y艒u)榛烇紝鍒╃敤Matlab 鐨勪俊铏熻檿鐞嗗伐鍏蜂腑鐨剅emez 鍑芥暩(sh霉)閫茶FIR 婵� 娉㈠櫒鐨勮ō瑷�銆俽emez 鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍒╃敤Parks-McClellan 绠楁硶锛岃┎绠楁硶鍒╃敤remez 浜ゆ彌绠楁硶鍜屽垏姣旈洩 澶�艰繎鐞嗚珫渚嗚ō瑷堟烤娉㈠櫒锛屼娇瀵﹂殯婵炬尝鍣ㄧ殑骞呴牷闊挎噳鍦版摤鍚堢悊鎯虫烤娉㈠櫒鐨勫箙闋婚熆鎳�锛屼娇 瀹冨�戜箣闁撹宸渶灏忓寲銆�
銆�銆�瑾跨敤remezord 鍜宺emez 鍑芥暩(sh霉)瑷▓姝ゆ烤娉㈠櫒锛� 鐢辫鐢ㄦ牸寮� [N,fo,ao,w]=remezord(f,m,,rip,Fs)[3]鐭ラ亾锛岄鍏堟牴鎿�(j霉)瑷▓鎸囨纰哄畾remezord 鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮鐢ㄥ弮鏁�(sh霉)锛� 浼扮畻鍑烘烤娉㈠櫒鐨勯殠鏁�(sh霉)N 锛屽叾杩斿洖鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍐嶄綔鐐簉emez 鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮鐢ㄥ弮鏁�(sh霉)锛屽啀鐩存帴绶ㄥ绋嬪簭 瑾跨敤remez 鍑芥暩(sh霉)寰楀埌婵炬尝鍣ㄥ柈浣嶈剤娌栭熆鎳塰(n)锛屽緱鍒板鍦�2 鎵�绀虹殑骞呴牷闊挎噳锛�
銆�銆�閫氶亷鍒嗘瀽瑭插崐甯舵烤娉㈠櫒鐨勫箙闋婚熆鎳夛紝鍙互鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)瑭叉烤娉㈠櫒鐨勯�氬付鍜岄樆甯舵尝绱嬩勘鍦� 0.0015dB 浠ュ収(n猫i)锛岄樆甯惰“娓涢仈鍒颁簡70dB銆� 绋嬪簭閬嬭绲愭灉椤ず锛屾烤娉㈠櫒闅庢暩(sh霉)N=43锛屽熀鏈鍚堣ō瑷堣姹�銆�
銆�銆�3.FIR 鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒鐨凢PGA 纭欢瀵︾従(xi脿n)
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