銆�銆�閲囨ǎ闋荤巼鏄�鎸囧湪灏�(du矛)妯℃摤淇¤櫉(h脿o)閫�(j矛n)琛屾暩(sh霉)瀛楀寲铏曠悊鏅�(sh铆)锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)姣忕�掗悩閫�(j矛n)琛岄噰妯ｇ殑娆℃暩(sh霉)銆傚湪鏁�(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏�(h脿o)铏曠悊涓�锛岄�ｇ簩(x霉)鏅�(sh铆)闁撲俊铏�(h脿o)缍�(j墨ng)閬�(gu貌)閲囨ǎ杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涚偤闆㈡暎鏅�(sh铆)闁撲俊铏�(h脿o)锛屽叾涓�閲囨ǎ闋荤巼姹哄畾浜嗛洟鏁ｄ俊铏�(h脿o)鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撳垎杈ㄧ巼鍜岄牷鐜囪寖鍦�銆�
銆�銆�閲囨ǎ闋荤巼閫氬父鐢ㄨ但鑼诧紙Hz锛夋垨鍗冭但鑼诧紙kHz锛�銆佸厗璧�鑼诧紙MHz锛夌瓑浣滅偤鍠�浣�锛岃〃绀烘瘡绉掔殑閲囨ǎ娆℃暩(sh霉)銆備緥濡�锛�1 kHz閲囨ǎ闋荤巼琛ㄧず绯荤当(t菕ng)姣忕�掑��(du矛)淇¤櫉(h脿o)閫�(j矛n)琛�1000娆￠噰妯�銆�

銆�銆�Nyquist瀹氱悊
銆�銆�Nyquist瀹氱悊鏄�闂�(gu膩n)浜庨噰妯ｉ牷鐜囩殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊涔嬩竴銆傝┎瀹氱悊瑕�(gu墨)瀹�锛岀偤浜嗘簴(zh菙n)纰洪倓鍘熷師濮嬩俊铏�(h脿o)锛岄噰妯ｉ牷鐜囧繀闋堣嚦灏戠偤淇¤櫉(h脿o)涓�鏈�楂橀牷鐜囩殑鍏╁��銆備篃灏辨槸瑾�(shu艒)锛岃嫢淇¤櫉(h脿o)鐨勬渶楂橀牷鐜囩偤(f_{text{max}})锛屽墖閲囨ǎ闋荤巼(f_{text{s}})婊胯冻锛�
銆�銆�[ f_{text{s}} geq 2 times f_{text{max}} ]
銆�銆�濡傛灉閲囨ǎ闋荤巼浣庝簬Nyquist瀹氱悊鎵�瑕佹眰鐨勫��锛屽氨鏈�(hu矛)鍑虹従(xi脿n)娣风枈澶辩湡锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷翠俊铏�(h脿o)鐒�(w煤)娉曟�ｇ⒑閭勫師銆�
銆�銆�Aliasing
銆�銆�鐣�(d膩ng)閲囨ǎ闋荤巼浣庝簬淇¤櫉(h脿o)闋荤巼鏅�(sh铆)锛屾渻(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸贩鐤婃晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽嵆Aliasing銆傞�欐槸鍥�?y脿n)妞磋摳瀹噇鐜囦笉瓒充互鎹曟崏淇¤櫉(h脿o)闋荤巼鐨勫叏閮ㄤ俊鎭�锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷撮牷璀滃湒涓�涓嶅悓闋荤巼鐨勬垚鍒嗘贩鍚堝湪涓�璧�锛岄�犳垚瑾よВ鏋�銆傜偤浜嗛伩鍏嶆贩鐤�锛屽繀闋堝毚(y谩n)鏍奸伒瀹圢yquist瀹氱悊骞堕伕鎿囧悎閬╃殑閲囨ǎ闋荤巼銆�

銆�銆�Nyquist闋荤巼瑷�(j矛)绠�
銆�銆�纰哄畾閲囨ǎ闋荤巼鐨勪竴绋�鏂规硶鏄�鏍规摎(j霉)淇¤櫉(h脿o)鏈�楂橀牷鐜囦締(l谩i)瑷�(j矛)绠楀叾Nyquist闋荤巼銆傜郸瀹氫俊铏�(h脿o)鐨勬渶楂橀牷鐜囩偤(f_{text{max}})锛屽墖Nyquist闋荤巼鐐�(f_{text{Nyquist}} = 2 times f_{text{max}})銆傚洜姝�锛岃嚦灏戦渶瑕佷互(f_{text{Nyquist}})鐨勯牷鐜囧皪(du矛)淇¤櫉(h脿o)閫�(j矛n)琛岄噰妯ｃ��
銆�銆�瀵�(sh铆)闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑鐨勯噰妯ｉ牷鐜囩⒑瀹�
銆�銆�鍦ㄥ��(sh铆)闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑锛岀偤浜嗛伩鍏岮liasing鍜屾簴(zh菙n)纰洪倓鍘熶俊铏�(h脿o)锛岄�氬父鏈�(hu矛)閬告搰姣擭yquist闋荤巼鐣ラ珮鐨勯噰妯ｉ牷鐜�銆傞�欐湁鍔╀簬鎻愰珮鏁�(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏�(h脿o)铏曠悊鐨勭簿搴﹀拰绌�(w臎n)瀹氭��銆�

銆�銆�閲囨ǎ闋荤巼鍦ㄥ悇鍊�(g猫)闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鏁�(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏�(h脿o)铏曠悊涓�鐧�(f膩)鎻�钁楅噸瑕佷綔鐢�锛屽寘鎷�浣嗕笉闄愪簬浠ヤ笅鏂归潰锛�
銆�銆�1. 瑾�(y菙)闊充俊铏�(h脿o)铏曠悊锛氬湪瑾�(y菙)闊宠瓨(sh铆)鍒�銆侀煶闋荤法瑙ｇ⒓绛夐牁(l菒ng)鍩�锛岄噰妯ｉ牷鐜囩洿鎺ュ奖闊胯伈闊崇殑璩�(zh矛)閲忓拰娓呮櫚搴︺�傞仼鐣�(d膩ng)閬告搰鍚堥仼鐨勯噰妯ｉ牷鐜囪兘澶犳簴(zh菙n)纰洪倓鍘熻伈闊充俊铏�(h脿o)銆�
銆�銆�2. 鍦栧儚铏曠悊锛氬湪鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀湒鍍忚檿鐞嗕腑锛岄噰妯ｉ牷鐜囨焙瀹氫簡鍦栧儚鐨勬竻鏅板害鍜岀窗(x矛)绡�(ji茅)琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)銆傞珮閲囨ǎ闋荤巼鍙�浠ユ洿婧�(zh菙n)纰哄湴鎹曟崏鍦栧儚淇℃伅锛屾彁楂樺湒鍍忚唱(zh矛)閲忓拰鍒嗚鲸鐜囥��
銆�銆�3. 鐒�(w煤)绶氶�氫俊锛氬湪鐒�(w煤)绶氶�氫俊闋�(l菒ng)鍩�锛岄噰妯ｉ牷鐜囧皪(du矛)淇¤櫉(h脿o)鐨勫偝杓歌唱(zh矛)閲忓拰甯跺��鏈夎憲鐩存帴褰遍熆銆傞仼鐣�(d膩ng)閬告搰鍚堥仼鐨勯噰妯ｉ牷鐜囧彲浠ユ彁楂橀�氫俊绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬�ц兘鍜岀┅(w臎n)瀹氭��銆�
銆�銆�4. 鐢熺墿閱�(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)宸ョ▼锛氬湪鐢熺墿閱�(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)宸ョ▼涓�锛岄噰妯ｉ牷鐜囩敤浜庨噰闆嗙敓鐞嗕俊铏�(h脿o)銆侀啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)褰卞儚绛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)銆傛�ｇ⒑閬告搰閲囨ǎ闋荤巼鍙�浠ユ簴(zh菙n)纰虹洠(ji膩n)娓�(c猫)鎮ｈ�呯殑鐢熺悊鐙�鎱�(t脿i)锛屽公鍔╅啱(y墨)鐧傝ê鏂峰拰娌荤檪銆�
銆�銆�5. 鎱ｆ�у皫(d菐o)鑸�绯荤��(t菕ng)锛氭叄鎬у皫(d菐o)鑸�绯荤��(t菕ng)涓�鐨勫姞閫熷害瑷�(j矛)鍜岄檧铻哄剙绛夊偝鎰熷櫒闇�瑕侀�氶亷(gu貌)閲囨ǎ闋荤巼渚�(l谩i)鐛插彇閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)淇℃伅銆傞仼鐣�(d膩ng)?sh霉)鐗熻摳瀹噇鐜囧彲浠ョ⒑淇濆皫(d菐o)鑸�绯荤��(t菕ng)婧�(zh菙n)纰鸿窡韫や綅缃�鍜屾柟鍚戙��
銆�銆�6. 闊抽牷瑷�(sh猫)鍌欙細鍦ㄩ煶闋昏ō(sh猫)鍌欎腑锛岄噰妯ｉ牷鐜囨焙瀹氫簡閷勫埗鍜屾挱鏀鹃煶闋荤殑璩�(zh矛)閲�銆傚父瑕�(ji脿n)鐨勯煶闋婚噰妯ｉ牷鐜囧寘鎷�44.1 kHz鍜�48 kHz锛岀敤浜嶤D闊宠唱(zh矛)鍜岄珮娓呴煶闋荤殑閷勫埗銆�
銆�銆�閲囨ǎ闋荤巼鐨勯伕鎿囩洿鎺ラ棞(gu膩n)绯诲埌淇¤櫉(h脿o)铏曠悊鐨勬簴(zh菙n)纰烘�у拰璩�(zh矛)閲忋�傞亷(gu貌)浣庣殑閲囨ǎ闋荤巼鏈�(hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷翠俊铏�(h脿o)澶辩湡鍜屾贩鐤�锛屽奖闊垮悗绾�(x霉)铏曠悊鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋�锛涜�岄亷(gu貌)楂樼殑閲囨ǎ闋荤巼鍓囨渻(hu矛)澧炲姞璩囨簮娑堣�楀拰瑷�(j矛)绠楀京(f霉)闆滃害銆傚洜姝�锛屽湪瀵�(sh铆)闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑锛岄渶瑕佹牴鎿�(j霉)鍏烽珨淇¤櫉(h脿o)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜岄渶姹傚悎鐞嗛伕鎿囬噰妯ｉ牷鐜囷紝浠ラ仈(d谩)鍒版渶浣崇殑淇¤櫉(h脿o)铏曠悊鏁堟灉銆�