鍖栧鑳借綁鎻涙垚闆昏兘鐨勮缃彨鍖栧闆绘睜锛屼竴鑸啊绋辩偤闆绘睜銆傛斁闆诲悗锛岃兘澶犵敤鍏呴浕鐨勬柟寮忎娇鍏�(n猫i)閮ㄦ椿鎬х墿璩啀鐢熲�斺�旀妸闆昏兘鍎插瓨鐐哄寲瀛歌兘;闇�瑕佹斁闆绘檪鍐嶆鎶婂寲瀛歌兘杞夋彌鐐洪浕鑳�銆傚皣閫欓闆绘睜绋辩偤钃勯浕姹�(Storage Battery)锛屼篃绋变簩娆￠浕姹�銆傛墍璎傝搫闆绘睜鍗虫槸璨瓨鍖栧鑳介噺锛屼簬蹇呰鏅傛斁鍑洪浕鑳界殑涓�绋浕姘ｅ寲瀛歌ō鍌�銆�
钃勯浕姹�(Storage Battery)鏄皣鍖栧鑳界洿鎺ヨ綁鍖栨垚闆昏兘鐨勪竴绋缃紝鏄寜鍙啀鍏呴浕瑷▓鐨勯浕姹�锛岄�氶亷鍙�嗙殑鍖栧鍙嶆噳瀵︾従(xi脿n)鍐嶅厖闆伙紝閫氬父鏄寚閴涢吀钃勯浕姹�锛屽畠鏄浕姹犱腑鐨勪竴绋紝灞簬浜屾闆绘睜銆傚畠鐨勫伐浣滃師鐞嗭細鍏呴浕鏅傚埄鐢ㄥ閮ㄧ殑闆昏兘浣垮収(n猫i)閮ㄦ椿鎬х墿璩啀鐢�锛屾妸闆昏兘鍎插瓨鐐哄寲瀛歌兘锛岄渶瑕佹斁闆绘檪鍐嶆鎶婂寲瀛歌兘杞夋彌鐐洪浕鑳借几鍑�锛屾瘮濡傜敓娲讳腑甯哥敤鐨勬墜姗熼浕姹犵瓑銆�
瀹冪敤濉豢娴风犊鐙�閴涚殑閴涘熀鏉挎煹(鍙堢ū鏍煎瓙楂�)浣滆矤妤碉紝濉豢浜屾哀鍖栭墰鐨勯墰鍩烘澘鏌典綔姝ｆサ锛屽苟鐢ㄥ瘑搴�1.26--1.33g/mlg/ml鐨勭█纭吀浣滈浕瑙ｈ唱銆傞浕姹犲湪鏀鹃浕鏅�锛岄噾灞墰鏄矤妤碉紝鐧�(f膩)鐢熸哀鍖栧弽鎳�锛岀敓鎴愮～閰搁墰;浜屾哀鍖栭墰鏄妤�锛岀櫦(f膩)鐢熼倓鍘熷弽鎳�锛岀敓鎴愮～閰搁墰銆傞浕姹犲湪鐢ㄧ洿娴侀浕鍏呴浕鏅�锛屽叐妤靛垎鍒ョ敓鎴愬柈璩墰鍜屼簩姘у寲閴�銆傜Щ鍘婚浕婧愬悗锛屽畠鍙堟仮寰╁埌鏀鹃浕鍓嶇殑鐙�鎱�(t脿i)锛岀祫鎴愬寲瀛搁浕姹�銆傞墰钃勯浕姹犺兘鍙嶅京鍏呴浕銆佹斁闆�锛屽畠鐨勫柈楂旈浕澹撴槸2V锛岄浕姹犳槸鐢变竴鍊嬫垨澶氬�嬪柈楂旀鎴愮殑闆绘睜绲勶紝绨＄ū钃勯浕姹�锛屾渶甯歌鐨勬槸6V锛屽叾瀹冮倓鏈�2V銆�4V銆�8V銆�24V钃勯浕姹�銆傚姹借粖涓婄敤鐨勮搫闆绘睜(淇楃ū闆荤摱)鏄�6鍊嬮墰钃勯浕姹犱覆鑱�(li谩n)鎴�12V鐨勯浕姹犵祫銆�
灏嶄簬鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勫共鑽烽墰钃勯浕姹�(濡傛苯杌婂共鑽烽浕姹�銆佹懇鎵樿粖骞茶嵎闆绘睜绛�)鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄤ竴娈垫檪闁撳悗瑕佽鍏呰捀椁炬按锛屼娇绋�纭吀闆昏В娑蹭繚鎸�1.28g/ml宸﹀彸鐨勫瘑搴�;灏嶄簬鍏嶇董璀疯搫闆绘睜锛屽叾浣跨敤鐩村埌澹藉懡绲傛閮戒笉鍐嶉渶瑕佹坊鍔犺捀椁炬按銆�
鍖栧鍘熺悊
鏂圭▼寮忓涓嬶細
绺藉弽鎳夛細Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)鍙�嗙铏�2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
鏀鹃浕鏅傦細璨� Pb(s)-2e-+SO42-(aq)=PbSO4(s)
姝� PbO2(s)+2e-+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)=PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
绺� Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)=2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
鍏呴浕鏅� 闆昏В姹�
闄版サ PbSO4(s)+2e-=Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)
闄芥サ PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-=Pbo2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(a
娉�(鍏呴浕鏅傞櫚妤电偤鏀鹃浕鏅傝矤妤�)
鐗╃悊妲嬫垚
妲嬫垚閴涜搫闆绘睜涔嬩富瑕佹垚浠藉涓嬶細
闄芥サ鏉�(閬庢哀鍖栭墰.PbO2)---> 娲绘�х墿璩�
闄版サ鏉�(娴风犊鐙�閴�.Pb) ---> 娲绘�х墿璩�
闆昏В娑�(绋�纭吀) ---> 纭吀(H2SO4) +钂搁ぞ姘�(H2O)
闆绘睜澶栨 銆佽搵(PP ABS闃荤噧)
闅旈洟鏉� (AGM)
瀹夊叏闁�
姝ｈ矤妤垫煴锛屾璨犳サ鏌辩瓑
鍏�(n猫i)闃昏垏瀹归噺闂滅郴
钃勯浕姹犲収(n猫i)闃昏垏瀹归噺涔嬮枔鐨勯棞绯诲叾涓湁鍏╃ó鍚京锛�
闆绘睜鍏�(n猫i)闃昏窡椤嶅畾瀹归噺鐨勯棞绯�锛屼互鍙婂悓涓�鍨嬭櫉闆绘睜鐨勫収(n猫i)闃昏窡鑽烽浕鎱�(t脿i)SOC鐨勯棞绯汇�傚崄澶氬勾鍓嶄汉鍊戞浘缍�(j墨ng)瑭﹀湒鍒╃敤闁ユ帶瀵嗗皝閴涢吀钃勯浕姹犲収(n猫i)闃�(鎴栭浕灏�)鐨勮畩鍖栧幓鍦ㄧ窔妾㈡脯闆绘睜鐨勫閲忓拰闋愭脯闆绘睜澹藉懡锛屼絾鍗绘湭鑳藉鎰�;浜哄�戝皪鍕曞姏闆绘睜鐨勫ぇ闆绘祦鏀鹃浕鑳藉姏鎻愬嚭浜嗚秺渚嗚秺楂樼殑瑕佹眰锛岄�欏氨瑕佹眰鐩″彲鑳介檷浣庨浕姹犲収(n猫i)闃�銆傚洜鑰屾湰鏂囧皣閫蹭竴姝ユ帰绱㈠拰闂℃槑涓�浜涘父鐢ㄨ搫闆绘睜鍏�(n猫i)闃昏垏瀹归噺涔嬮枔鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄩ棞绯�銆�
闁ユ帶瀵嗗皝
鐣跺墠闁ユ帶瀵嗗皝閴涢吀钃勯浕姹犲凡閫愭鍙栦唬闁嬪彛寮忔祦鍕曢浕瑙ｆ恫閴涢吀钃勯浕姹狅紝寤ｆ硾鐢ㄤ簬閮甸浕閫氫俊闆绘簮銆乁PS銆佸劜鑳介浕婧愮郴绲�(t菕ng)绛�銆傚嫊鍔涘瀷闁ユ帶瀵嗗皝閴涢吀钃勯浕姹犲凡寤ｆ硾鐢ㄤ簬闆诲嫊鍔╁姏杌�銆傞�欎簺闋樺煙閮借姹傚湪绶氭娓搫闆绘睜鐨勮嵎闆绘厠(t脿i)銆�
钃勯浕姹犵殑鍏�(n猫i)闃昏窡鑽烽浕鎱�(t脿i)鐨勯棞绯�
钃勯浕姹犵殑鑽烽浕鎱�(t脿i)SOC鎸囩殑鏄浕姹犲彲浠ユ斁鍑虹殑瀹归噺璺熷叾椤嶅畾瀹归噺鐨勬瘮銆傞�欎竴鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶉兊闆婚�氫俊闆绘簮绯荤当(t菕ng)鍜屾鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ殑鍕曞姏闆绘睜绲勫崄鍒嗛噸瑕�銆�
澶т簨瑷�
1905骞�锛岀涓�鍊嬭搫闆绘睜鐢ㄤ簬姹借粖(棣栧厛鍙偤鐓ф槑鐢�);
1914骞�锛岀涓�娆″皣鍟熷嫊鍨嬭搫闆绘睜鐢ㄤ簬姹借粖;
1922骞�锛岀涓�鍊婤OSCH鎽╂墭杌婄敤钃勯浕姹犲嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ懇鎵樿粖涓�;
1926骞�锛岀涓�鑷鸿搫闆绘睜鍏呴浕鍣ㄥ晱涓�;
1927骞翠互鍚庯紝Bosch鍏徃闁嬬櫦(f膩)鍑烘苯杌婄敤钃勯浕姹�銆�
鐧�(f膩)灞曞彶
瑷卞绉戝瀹跺拰鐧�(f膩)鏄庡鍦ㄨ搫闆绘睜鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曚腑鍋氬嚭璨㈢嵒锛屽Luigi Galvani(绱勫湪1789骞�)銆丣ohn Ritter(绱勫湪1800骞�)銆丄lessandro Ritter(绱勫湪1800)銆丟aston Plante(绱勫湪1859骞�)鍜孋amille Faure锛� 浠栧�戞妸闁嬬櫦(f膩)琚獚鐐烘槸閷鐨勯浕姹犵殑钃勯浕姹犲紩涓婃纰虹殑閬撹矾銆�
19涓栫磤鏈�銆傚凡缍�(j墨ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻搫闆绘睜鐨勬煹鏋�锛屽畠鐨勫師鐞嗕粛鏄嚦浠婇墰閰搁浕姹犱娇鐢ㄧ殑閮ㄤ欢銆傝嚜閭ｄ互鍚�锛岄墰閰歌搫闆绘睜鍩烘湰涓婃矑鏈変粈涔堣畩鍖栵紝绺芥槸閭ｄ簺鍠�嬮浕姹�锛岀附鏄偅浜涙サ鏉匡紝绺芥槸閭ｆǎ鐨勭～閰告恫銆備絾浠旂窗瑙�瀵熶汉鍊戝彲浠ョ湅鍒帮細
钃勯浕姹犵殑鑳介噺瀵嗗害宸茬稉(j墨ng)澧炲姞浜嗗咕鍊�;
寤ｆ硾閲囩敤濉戞枡(鏃╂湡闅旀澘鍜岃搫闆绘睜澶栨鐐烘湪鏉�);
绲曞皪鍏嶇董璀疯搫闆绘睜鎴愮偤浠婂ぉ鍟熷嫊鍨嬭搫闆绘睜鐨勬婧栬搫闆绘睜;
澹藉懡锛岄櫎鍊嬪垾渚嬪锛屽凡鎺ヨ繎?姹借粖鐨勬暣楂斿＝鍛姐��
钃勯浕姹犳槸涓栫晫涓婂唬娉涗娇鐢ㄧ殑涓�绋寲瀛糕�滈浕婧愨��锛屽叿鏈夐浕澹撳钩绌�(w臎n)銆佸畨鍏ㄥ彲闈�銆佸児鏍间綆寤夈�侀仼鐢ㄨ寖鍦嶅唬銆佸師鏉愭枡璞愬瘜鍜屽洖鏀跺啀鐢熷埄鐢ㄧ巼楂樼瓑鍎�(y艒u)榛烇紝鏄笘鐣屼笂鍚勯闆绘睜涓敘(ch菐n)閲忔渶澶�銆佺敤閫旀渶寤ｇ殑涓�绋浕姹犮��
绉戞妧鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�銆佷汉椤炵敓娲昏唱閲忕殑鎻愰珮锛岀煶娌硅硣婧愰潰鑷ㄥ嵄姗�銆佸湴鐞冪敓鎱�(t脿i)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冩棩鐩婃儭鍖栵紝褰㈡垚浜嗘柊鍨嬩簩娆￠浕姹犲強鐩搁棞鏉愭枡闋樺煙鐨勭鎶�鍜岀敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)蹇�熺櫦(f膩)灞曠殑闆欓噸绀炬渻鑳屾櫙銆傚競鍫寸殑杩垏闇�姹�锛屼娇鏂板瀷浜屾闆绘睜鎳夐亱鑰岀敓銆傚叾涓�锛岄珮鑳介幊閹橀浕姹犮�侀幊閲戝爆姘寲鐗╅浕姹�銆侀幊閶呴浕姹�銆佸厤缍閴涢吀闆绘睜銆侀墰甯冮浕姹�銆侀嫲闆㈠瓙闆绘睜銆侀嫲鑱氬悎鐗╅浕姹犵瓑鏂板瀷浜屾闆绘睜鍌欏彈闈掔潪锛屽湪涓湅寰楀埌寤ｆ硾鎳夌敤锛屽舰鎴愮敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)骞惰繀鐚涚櫦(f膩)灞�銆�
缇庡湅姹熸．鑷帶鍏徃銆佺储灏�銆佷笁娲嬨�佹棩绔嬬瓑鐭ュ悕浼佹キ(y猫)绱涚礇鍦ㄤ腑鍦嬪缓绔嬩簡鑷繁鐨勮搫闆绘睜鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鍩哄湴锛岄倓灏囧競鍫村緸澶у煄甯傞�愭鎷撳睍鍒颁腑灏忓煄甯�锛岀敋鑷砃EC銆佸崥涓栦富瑕佷互鐢熺敘(ch菐n)杌熶欢鑸囬浕鍣ㄧ偤涓荤殑浼佹キ(y猫)涔熼枊濮嬪皣妤�(y猫)鍕欑殑瑙歌寤朵几鍒扮敓鐢�(ch菐n)钃勯浕姹犻牁鍩熶腑?锛熼悤顗岊倛闀滄尃鍜宠�勵儱绠涢触?n猫i)钃勯浕姹犵敓鐢�(ch菐n)浼佹キ(y猫)闈㈣嚚鏇村姞婵�鐑堢殑绔剁埈銆�
姝ゅ锛岄毃钁楁垜鍦嬫苯杌婂拰鎽╂墭杌婄殑淇濇湁閲忛�蹭竴姝ョ殑鎿村ぇ锛屼互鍙婂湅瀹朵富瑕佸煄甯傚皪闆诲嫊鑷杌婅椐涚殑瑙ｇ锛岄�欏皣閫蹭竴姝ュ埡婵�閴涢吀钃勯浕姹犵敘(ch菐n)鍝佸湪瑭查牁鍩熺殑娑堣不銆�
鍏呴浕
钃勯浕姹犲緸鍏跺畠鐩存祦闆绘簮(濡傚厖闆诲櫒)鐛插緱闆昏兘鍙仛鍏呴浕銆�
鏀鹃浕
钃勯浕姹犲皪澶栭浕璺几鍑洪浕鑳芥檪鍙仛鏀鹃浕銆�
娴厖鏀鹃浕
钃勯浕姹犲拰鍏朵粬鐩存祦闆绘簮骞惰伅(li谩n)锛屽皪澶栭浕璺几鍑洪浕鑳藉彨鍋氭诞鍏呮斁闆�锛屾湁涓嶉枔鏂蜂緵闆昏姹傜殑瑷倷锛岃捣鍌欑敤闆绘簮浣滅敤鐨勮搫闆绘睜閮借檿浜庤┎绋斁闆荤媭鎱�(t脿i)銆�
浣跨敤澹藉懡
钃勯浕姹犳瘡鍏呴浕銆佹斁闆讳竴娆�锛屽彨鍋氫竴娆″厖鏀鹃浕寰挵(hu谩n)锛岃搫闆绘睜鍦ㄤ繚鎸佽几鍑轰竴瀹氱殑瀹归噺鐨勬儏娉佷笅鎵�鑳介�茶鐨勫厖鏀鹃浕寰挵(hu谩n)娆℃暩(sh霉)锛屽彨鍋氳搫闆绘睜鐨勪娇鐢ㄥ＝鍛�銆�
缍韩闆诲瓙閫氾紝闆诲瓙鐭ヨ瓨锛屼竴鏌ョ櫨閫�锛�
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