鐧�(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)銆佸熀鍗�(q奴)鍜屾敹闆嗗崁(q奴)鐢辩甯跺搴︿笉鍚岀殑鏉愭枡鍒舵垚鐨�鏅堕珨绠�銆俉.B.鑲栧厠钀婁簬1951骞存彁鍑洪�欑ó鏅堕珨绠�鐨勬蹇�銆�70骞翠唬涓湡锛屽湪瑙ｆ焙浜嗙牱鍖栭幍鐨勫寤剁敓闀峰晱椤屼箣鍚�锛岄�欑ó鏅堕珨绠℃墠寰楀埌杓冨揩鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�銆傛渶鍒濈ū鐐衡�滃鐧�(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鈥濇櫠楂旂銆傚叾涓昏鐗归粸鏄櫦(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鏉愭枡鐨勭甯跺搴gE澶т簬鍩哄崁(q奴)鏉愭枡鐨勭甯跺搴gB銆�
鐣拌唱(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)闆欐サ鍨嬫櫠楂旂锛圚eterojunction bipolar transistor,HBT锛夋槸鍦ㄩ洐妤电祼(ji茅)鍨嬫櫠楂旂锛圔ipolar Junction Transistor,BJT)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓婏紝鍙槸鎶婄櫦(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鏀圭敤瀵付闅欑殑鍗婂皫楂旀潗鏂�锛屽嵆鍚岃唱(zh矛)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)閲囩敤浜嗙暟璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)渚嗕唬鏇裤��
鐢变簬鐣拌唱(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)鑳藉付鐨勪笉閫ｇ簩(x霉)鎬э紙甯堕殭鐨勮兘閲忓樊螖Eg = 鍍瑰付闋傝兘閲忕獊璁娢擡v +灏庡付搴曡兘閲忕獊璁娢擡c锛�锛屽皪n-p-n BJT锛岃純澶х殑螖Ev灏嶄簬鍩哄崁(q奴)寰�鐧�(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)娉ㄥ叆鐨勭┖绌存湁闃绘搵浣滅敤锛屽墖瀵付闅欑櫦(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鐣拌唱(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)鐨勬敞灏勬晥鐜囨帴杩�1锛堝嵆鍙湁闆诲瓙寰炵櫦(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)娉ㄥ叆鍒板熀鍗�(q奴)锛�锛屽苟涓旀敞灏勬晥鐜囪垏鐧�(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鍜屽熀鍗�(q奴)鐨勬懟闆滄績搴︾劇闂�(gu膩n)銆�
HBT鐨勬渶澶у劒(y艒u)榛炲氨鍦ㄤ簬鐧�(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)鐨勬敞灏勬晥鐜� (鏀惧ぇ绯绘暩(sh霉)) 鍩烘湰涓婅垏鐧�(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)鍏╅倞鐨勬懟闆滄績搴︾劇闂�(gu膩n), 寰炶�屽彲鎶婂熀鍗�(q奴)鐨勬懟闆滄績搴﹀仛寰楀緢楂�(鐢氳嚦姣旂櫦(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鐨勯倓楂�), 閫欏氨鍙互鍦ㄤ繚璀夋斁澶х郴鏁�(sh霉)寰堝ぇ鐨勫墠鎻愪笅渚嗘彁楂橀牷鐜�, 寰炶�岃兘閫插叆姣背娉㈡?锛孎(xi脿n)鍦℉BT鏄兘澶犲伐浣滃湪瓒呴珮闋诲拰瓒呴珮閫熺殑涓�绋噸瑕佺殑鏈夋簮鍣ㄤ欢銆�
HBT鐨勬渶澶ч浕娴佸鐩婂彲琛ㄧず鐐� (涓嶈�冩叜鍩哄崁(q奴)寰╁悎)尾max = IEn / IEp 鈭� exp[螖Eg / kT] 锛屽墖HBT鑸囦竴鑸珺JT鐨勬渶澶ч浕娴佸鐩婁箣姣斿畬鍏ㄧ敱甯堕殭鐨勮兘閲忓樊渚嗘焙瀹氾細尾max (HBT) / 尾max (BJT) = exp[螖Eg / kT] 銆�
閫氬父鍙栁擡g>250 meV, 鍓嘓BT鐨勫鐩婂彲姣擝JT鐨勬彁楂�10鐨�4娆℃柟鍊嶃��
灏嶄簬涓�鑸殑BJT锛岀偤浜嗛�蹭竴姝ユ彁楂橀牷鐜囧拰閫熷害,灏辫姹傛笡灏忓熀妤甸浕闃�銆佹笡灏忕櫦(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)闆诲鍜屾笡灏忓瘎鐢熼浕瀹广�傝�屼竴鑸殑BJT锛岀偤浜嗘彁楂樻敞灏勬晥鐜�, 闇�瑕佺洝鍙兘闄嶄綆鍩哄崁(q奴)鎽婚洔婵冨害NB鍜屾彁楂樼櫦(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鎽婚洔婵冨害NE锛屼娇姣斿�� (NB/NE) 闄嶄綆锛�
浣嗘槸鐢变簬鐧�(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)閲嶆懟闆滄渻寮曡捣绂佸付瀵害璁婄獎鍜孉uger寰╁悎椤憲, 鍙嶈�屼娇娉ㄥ皠鏁堢巼闄嶄綆锛屽悓鏅備篃鏈冧娇鐧�(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)闆诲澧炲ぇ锛涜�屼笖鍩哄崁(q奴)鎽婚洔婵冨害涔熶笉鑳藉お浣�锛屽惁鍓囨渻浣垮熀妤甸浕闃诲澶�銆傛墍浠ラ噰鐢ㄩ檷浣庢瘮鍊�(NB/NE)鐨勬柟娉曚締鎻愰珮鐧�(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)娉ㄥ皠鏁堢巼鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸寰堟湁闄愮殑锛岃�屼笖鎻愰珮鏀惧ぇ鑳藉姏鑸囨彁楂橀牷鐜囧拰閫熷害鏄簰鐩哥煕鐩剧殑銆�
涔熷洜姝や竴鑸殑BJT鍦ㄥ鐝�(xi脿n)瓒呴珮闋�銆佽秴楂橀�熶笂閬囧埌浜嗕笉鍙厠鏈嶇殑鍥伴洠銆傝�岀暟璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)BJT锛圚BT锛夋槸涓�绋柊鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯噸瑕佸櫒浠讹紝瀹冨厠鏈嶄簡闋荤巼銆侀�熷害鑸囨斁澶х郴鏁�(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勭煕鐩撅紝寰炶�屽彲瀵︾従(xi脿n)瓒呴珮闋诲拰瓒呴珮閫�銆�
鍦ㄩ珮婵冨害n鍨嬬涓�瀛愰泦闆绘サ灞�(102)涓婏紝渚濇褰㈡垚锛氱敱鑳藉付闅欏皬鐨勬潗鏂欐(g貌u)鎴愮殑楂樻績搴鍨嬬浜屽瓙闆嗛浕妤靛堡(108)锛涚敱i鍨嬫垨鑰呬綆婵冨害n鍨嬮泦闆绘サ灞�(103)锛涢珮婵冨害p鍨嬪熀妤靛堡(104)锛涚敱鑳藉付闅欏ぇ鐨勬潗鏂欐(g貌u)鎴愮殑n鍨嬬櫦(f膩)灏勬サ灞�(105)锛涢珮婵冨害n鍨嬬櫦(f膩)灏勬サ钃嬮珨灞�(106)锛涚敱鑳藉付闅欏皬鐨勬潗鏂欐(g貌u)鎴愮殑楂樻績搴鍨嬬櫦(f膩)灏勬サ鎺ヨЦ灞�(107)銆傜櫦(f膩)灏勬サ闆绘サ(111)銆佸熀妤甸浕妤�(112)銆佷互鍙婇泦闆绘サ闆绘サ(113)鐨勫悇鑷殑涓嬪伌(c猫)褰㈡垚鍚堥噾鍖栧弽鎳夊堡(114)锝�(116)銆傜敱姝わ紝鍩轰簬鏈櫦(f膩)鏄庣殑鐣拌唱(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)闆欐サ鍨嬫櫠楂旂锛屼笉鍍呭彲浠ラ檷浣庡埗閫犳垚鏈�锛岄倓鑳藉?q奴)宕縁(xi脿n)鍚勯浕妤电殑鑹ソ鐨勬瓙濮嗙壒鎬с��
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