鎮ㄥソ锛屾杩庝締鍒扮董搴浕瀛愬競鍫�(ch菐ng)缍�(w菐ng)
鐧婚寗 | 鍏嶈不(f猫i)娉ㄥ唺(c猫)
钀勾姝锋槸鎴戝湅鍙や唬鍌宠涓渶鍙よ�佺殑涓�閮ㄥお闄芥锛岃惉骞存鐨勫悕绋变締婧愪簬鍟嗘湞涓�浣嶅悕鍙惉骞寸殑浜�锛屼粬灏辨槸閫欓儴姝锋硶鐨勭法鎾拌��銆傜偤绱�(j矛)蹇典粬鐨勫姛绺惧洜姝ゅ氨灏囬�欓儴姝锋硶瀹氬悕鐐衡�滆惉骞存鈥濄�傝惉骞存鏄閷勪竴瀹氭檪(sh铆)闁撹寖鍦嶅収(n猫i)锛堟瘮濡�100骞存垨鏇村锛夌殑鍏烽珨闄芥鑸囬櫚姝风殑鏃ユ湡鐨勫勾姝�锛屾柟渚挎湁闇�瑕佺殑浜烘煡瑭娇鐢ㄣ�傝惉骞村彧鏄竴绋薄寰�锛岃〃绀烘檪(sh铆)闁撹法搴﹀ぇ銆俒1]
鑰岀従(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ墍浣跨敤鐨勮惉骞存锛屽嵆鍖呮嫭鑻ュ共骞存垨閬╃敤浜庤嫢骞插勾鐨勬鏇竅2] ?锛孎(xi脿n)浠ｇ殑钀勾姝疯兘鍚屾檪(sh铆)椤ず鍏銆佽静(n贸ng)姝峰拰骞叉敮姝风瓑澶氬姝锋硶锛屾洿鑳藉寘鍚粌姝风浉闂�(gu膩n)鍚夊厙瀹滃繉銆佺瘈(ji茅)鍋囨棩銆佹彁閱掔瓑澶氱ó鍔熻兘淇℃伅锛屾サ鐐烘柟渚夸汉鍊戞煡瑭娇鐢�銆�
鍊�(g猫)鐗堟湰
瑕佹兂杩藉皨钀勾姝风殑鐢变締锛岄偅鏁呬簨寰楀緸閬�(yu菐n)鍙ゆ檪(sh铆)浠ｇ殑鍟嗘湞瑾捣鈥︹�︽湁鍚嶆ǖ澶枤鍋氳惉骞�锛屾湁涓�澶╀粬涓婂北鐮嶆煷锛岀爫缃蜂簡灏卞潗鍦ㄦü涓嬩紤鎭�備粬鐪兼湜钁楁ü褰卞嚭绁�锛屽績涓兂鐨勶紝浠嶆槸濡備綍灏囩瘈(ji茅)浠ゅ畾婧�(zh菙n)鐨勪簨銆備笉鐭ヤ笉瑕洪亷浜嗗ぇ鍗婂��(g猫)鏅�(sh铆)杈�锛屼粬鎵嶇櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍦颁笂鐨勬ü褰卞凡鎮勬倓鍦扮Щ鍕�(d貌ng)浜嗘柟浣�銆傝惉骞撮潏姗�(j墨)涓�鍕�(d貌ng)锛屽績鎯�锛屼綍涓嶅埄鐢ㄦ棩褰辩殑闀风煭渚嗚▓(j矛)绠楁檪(sh铆)闁撳憿锛熷洖鍒板鍚�锛岃惉骞村氨瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)鈥滄棩鏅峰剙鈥�銆傚彲鏄�锛屼竴閬囦笂闄伴洦澶�锛屾棩鏅峰剙鍙堝け鍘绘晥鐢ㄤ簡銆�
鏈変竴澶�锛岃惉骞村湪娉夐倞鍠濇按锛岀湅瑕嬪礀涓婄殑姘村緢鏈夌瘈(ji茅)濂忕殑寰�涓嬫淮锛岃(gu墨)寰嬬殑婊存按鑱插張鍟熺櫦(f膩)浜嗕粬鐨勯潏鎰�銆傚洖瀹跺緦锛岃惉骞村氨鍕�(d貌ng)鎵嬪仛浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)浜斿堡鐨勬紡澹�锛屽埄鐢ㄦ紡姘寸殑鏂规硶渚嗚▓(j矛)鏅�(sh铆)銆傞�欎箞涓�渚嗭紝涓嶇澶╂埃闄版櫞锛岄兘鍙互姝ｇ⒑鍦版帉鎻℃檪(sh铆)闁撲簡銆傛湁浜嗚▓(j矛)鏅�(sh铆)鐨勫伐鍏�锛岃惉骞存洿鍔犵敤蹇冪殑瑙�瀵熷ぉ鏅�(sh铆)绡�(ji茅)浠ょ殑璁婂寲銆傜稉(j墨ng)閬庨暦鏈熺殑姝哥磵锛屼粬鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屾瘡闅斾笁鐧惧叚鍗佸澶�锛屽ぉ鏅�(sh铆)鐨勯暦鐭氨鏈�(hu矛)閲嶈涓�娆�銆傚彧瑕佹悶娓呮鏃ユ湀閬�(y霉n)琛岀殑瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶紝灏变笉鐢ㄦ摂(d膩n)蹇冪瘈(ji茅)浠や笉婧�(zh菙n)浜�銆�
钀勾灏卞付钁楄嚜鍒剁殑鏃ユ櫡鍎�鍙婃按婕忓：鍘昏Σ瑕嬪ぉ瀛愮涔欙紝瑾槑绡�(ji茅)浠や笉婧�(zh菙n)鑸囧ぉ绁炴涓嶇浉骞�銆傜涔欒寰楄惉骞磋鐨勫緢鏈夐亾鐞�锛屽氨鎶婅惉骞寸暀涓嬶紝鍦ㄥぉ澹囧墠钃嬭捣鏃ユ櫡鑷�(t谩i)銆佹紡澹轰涵锛屽張娲句簡鍗佷簩鍊�(g猫)绔ュ瓙渚涜惉骞村樊閬�銆傚緸姝や互鍚庯紝钀勾寰椾互灏堝績鑷村織鐨勭爺绌舵檪(sh铆)浠�銆傞亷浜嗕竴娈垫棩瀛愶紝绁栦箼娲鹃樋琛″幓浜嗚В钀勾鍒舵鐨勬儏娉�銆傝惉骞存嬁鍑鸿嚜宸辨帹绠楀嚭鐨勫垵姝ユ垚鏋滐紝瑾細鏃ュ嚭鏃ヨ惤涓夌櫨鍏�锛屽懆鑰屽京(f霉)濮嬪緸闋締銆傝崏鏈ㄦΞ鏋垎鍥涙檪(sh铆)锛屼竴姝叉湀鏈夊崄浜屽湏銆�
闃胯 鑱藉緦锛岄潪甯稿繍蹇戜笉瀹�锛屼粬鎿�(d膩n)蹇冨埗鍑烘簴(zh菙n)纰虹殑姝锋硶锛屽緱鍒板ぉ瀛愰噸鐢�锛岀洿鎺ョ殑濞佽剠鍒颁粬鐨勫湴浣�銆傛柤鏄樋琛″氨浠ラ噸閲戞敹璨蜂簡涓�鍚嶅埡瀹�锛屾簴(zh菙n)鍌欒鍒鸿惉骞淬�傜劇濂堣惉骞村叏蹇冪爺绌舵檪(sh铆)浠�锛屽咕涔庡緸涓嶉洟闁嬫墍浣忕殑鏃ユ湀闁�銆傚埡瀹㈠彧濂借秮澶滄繁浜洪潨涔嬫檪(sh铆)锛屾尳璧蜂簡绠皠娈鸿惉骞�銆傚彧鑱藉緱鍡栫殑涓�鑱诧紝涓�绠皠涓簡钀勾鐨勮兂鑶�锛岃惉骞存噳(y墨ng)鑱插�掍笅銆傜瀛愬�戦珮鍠婃姄鎷垮埡瀹�锛屽畧琛�(w猫i)鐨勫叺澹強鏅�(sh铆)鎶撲綇浜嗗埡瀹�锛屽皣浠栨壄閫佸ぉ瀛�銆� 绁栦箼鍟忔槑浜嗘槸闃胯 鐨勮┉瑷�(j矛)锛屽氨涓嬩护灏囬樋琛℃敹鎶�锛岃Κ鑷埌鏃ユ湀闁ｄ締鎺㈡湜钀勾銆傝惉骞村氨鎶婅嚜宸辩殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉鍫�(b脿o)鍛婄郸绁栦箼锛氱敵鏄熻拷涓婁簡鐧炬槦锠剁櫨鏄�锛屾槦璞″京(f霉)鍘燂紝瀛愭檪(sh铆)澶滀氦锛岃垔姝插凡瀹�锛屾檪(sh铆)鍙堝鏄�锛屽笇鏈涘ぉ瀛愬畾鍊�(g猫)绡�(ji茅)鍚嶅惂锛佺涔欒锛氭槬鐐烘棣�锛屽氨鍙槬绡�(ji茅)鍚�銆傜暥(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)绁栦箼瑕嬭惉骞寸偤浜嗗埗姝�锛屾棩澶滃嫗鐦佸張鍙椾簡绠偡锛屽績涓笉蹇�锛屽氨璜�(q菒ng)浠栧叆瀹(di脿o)椁�(y菐ng)韬珨锛岃惉骞寸瓟閬擄細鈥滃璎濆ぉ瀛愬帤鎰�锛屽彧鏄洰鍓嶇殑澶櫧姝烽倓鏄崏姝�锛屼笉澶犳簴(zh菙n)纰猴紝瑕佹妸姝叉湯灏炬檪(sh铆)涔熼枏閫�(j矛n)鍘汇�傚惁鍓�锛屼箙鑰屼箙涔�锛屽張鏈�(hu矛)閫犳垚绡�(ji茅)浠ゅけ甯�銆傜偤浜嗕笉璨�(f霉)鐪炬湜锛屾垜蹇呴爤鐣欎笅渚�锛岀辜绾�(x霉)鎶婂お闄芥瀹氭簴(zh菙n)?锛佸簢绾�?j墨ng)閬庝簡鏁�(sh霉)鍗佸��(g猫)瀵掓殤锛岃惉骞寸簿蹇冨埗瀹氱殑澶櫧姝风祩浜庡畬鎴愪簡銆傜暥(d膩ng)浠栨妸澶櫧姝风嵒(xi脿n)绲︾涔欐檪(sh铆)锛屽凡鏄��(g猫)鐧界櫦(f膩)钂艰捈鐨勮�佷汉浜嗐�� 绁栦箼娣卞彈鎰熷嫊(d貌ng)锛屽氨鎶婂お闄芥瀹氬悕鐐鸿惉骞存锛屽苟灏佽惉骞寸偤鏃ユ湀澹芥槦锛屼互涓婂氨鏄惉骞存鍚嶇ū鐨勭敱渚�銆�
绗簩鍊�(g猫)鐗堟湰
鐩稿偝锛屽湪寰堜箙浠ュ墠锛屾湁鍊�(g猫)鍚嶅彨钀勾鐨勯潚骞�锛岀湅鍒扮暥(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)绡�(ji茅)浠ゅ緢浜�锛屾兂鎶婄瘈(ji茅)浠ゅ畾婧�(zh菙n)銆備竴澶�锛屼粬涓婂北鐮嶆煷锛屽潗鍦ㄦü闄颁笅浼戞伅锛屾ü褰辩殑绉诲嫊(d貌ng)鍟熺櫦(f膩)浜嗕粬锛屼粬瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)娓�(c猫)鏃ュ奖瑷�(j矛)澶╂檪(sh铆)鐨勬櫡鍎�?锛熷?锛屽ぉ闄伴洦闇�锛屽奖闊挎脯(c猫)閲�銆傚悗渚�锛屽北宕栦笂鐨勬淮娉夊紩璧蜂簡浠栫殑鑸堣叮锛屼粬鍙堝嫊(d貌ng)鎵嬪仛浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)浜斿堡婕忓：銆傚ぉ闀锋棩涔�锛屼粬鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)姣忛殧涓夌櫨鍏崄澶氬ぉ锛屽ぉ鏅�(sh铆)鐨勯暦鐭氨鏈�(hu矛)閲嶅京(f霉)涓�閬�銆傜暥(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)鐨勫湅鍚涘彨绁栦箼锛屽ぉ姘ｉⅷ(f膿ng)浜戠殑涓嶆脯(c猫)锛屼娇浠栧緢鑻︽儽銆�
涓�鍊�(g猫)鍚嶅彨闃胯 鐨勫ぇ鑷�锛岀偤瑷庡ソ鐨囦笂锛屽绋辫瑷�(sh猫)澶╄嚭(t谩i)鏁キ澶╃銆傜涔欒獚(r猫n)鐐烘湁鐞�锛屼究甯堕牁(l菒ng)鐧惧畼鍘荤キ澶�锛屽嵒鐒℃繜(j矛)浜庝簨銆傝惉骞寸煡閬撳悗锛屽繊涓嶄綇灏卞付钁楁棩鏅峰拰婕忓：鍘昏鐨囦笂锛屽皪(du矛)绁栦箼璎涙竻浜嗘棩鏈堥亱(y霉n)琛岀殑閬撶悊銆傜涔欒伣鍚庨緧椤忓ぇ鎮咃紝鎰熷埌鏈夐亾鐞�銆備簬鏄妸钀勾鐣欎笅锛屽湪澶╁鍓嶄慨寤烘棩鏈堥枺锛岀瓚璧锋棩鏅疯嚭(t谩i)鍜屾紡澹轰涵銆傚苟娲句簡鍗佷簩鍊�(g猫)绔ュ瓙鏈嶄緧钀勾銆傜涔欏皪(du矛)钀勾瑾細"甯屾湜浣犺兘娓�(c猫)婧�(zh菙n)鏃ユ湀瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛屾帹绠楀嚭婧�(zh菙n)纰虹殑鏅ㄥ鏅�(sh铆)闁�锛屽壍(chu脿ng)寤烘娉�锛岀偤澶╀笅鐨勯粠姘戠櫨濮撻�犵銆�"鏈変竴娆�锛岀涔欏偝鏃ㄨ闃胯 鍘讳簡瑙ｈ惉骞存脯(c猫)瑭︽娉曠殑閫�(j矛n)灞曟儏娉�銆傜暥(d膩ng)浠栫櫥涓婃棩鏈堝鏅�(sh铆)锛岀湅瑕嬪ぉ澹囬倞鐨勭煶澹佷笂鍒昏憲锛氭棩鍑烘棩钀戒笁鐧惧叚锛屽懆鑰屽京(f霉)濮嬪緸闋締銆傝崏鏈ㄦ灟姒垎鍥涙檪(sh铆)锛屼竴姝叉湀鏈夊崄浜屽湏銆傞樋琛¤姝�锛岀煡閬撹惉骞寸殑姝锋硶宸茬爺绌舵垚鍔�锛屽績涓繍蹇戜笉瀹夈�備粬钀垎鎳兼�曡惉骞村洜鍓�(chu脿ng)寤烘娉曡�屽緱瀵�锛屽湅鍚涙渻(hu矛)鎬姜鑷繁鎻愬嚭绁澶╃鐨勪富鎰�銆備簬鏄�锛屼粬闄拌瑎绛栧妰锛屾淳浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)鍒哄鍘婚櫎鎺夎惉骞�銆傚埡瀹㈡攢涓婃棩鏈堥枺锛岃钀勾姝ｅ湪闁ｄ笂瑙�瀵熸槦鏂�锛屼究寮靛紦鎼锛屾簴(zh菙n)鍌欏皠姝讳粬銆傝鐭�锛屽埡瀹㈣琛�(w猫i)澹櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岃鐣�(d膩ng)鍫�(ch菐ng)绶濇嬁銆傜涔欑煡鍚�锛屾嚥铏曚簡闃胯 锛岃Κ鑷櫥涓婃棩鏈堥枺鐪嬫湜钀勾銆傝惉骞存寚钁楀ぉ璞★紝灏�(du矛)绁栦箼瑾細鈥滅従(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ鏄崄浜屽��(g猫)鏈堟豢锛岃垔姝插凡瀹岋紝鏂版槬寰�(f霉)濮�锛岀璜�(q菒ng)鍦嬪悰瀹氬��(g猫)绡�(ji茅)鍚�?锛佸紛瀣夎壓f锛氣�滄槬鐐烘棣栵紝灏卞彨鏄ョ瘈(ji茅)鍚�銆傗�濆啲鍘绘槬渚�锛屽勾寰�(f霉)涓�骞�銆傚悗渚�锛岃惉骞寸稉(j墨ng)閬庨暦鏈熻瀵�锛岀簿蹇冩帹绠�锛屽埗瀹氬嚭浜嗘簴(zh菙n)纰虹殑澶櫧姝枫�傜暥(d膩ng)浠栨妸澶櫧姝峰憟濂夌郸绻间换鐨勫湅鍚涙檪(sh铆)锛屽凡鏄豢闈㈤妧闋�銆傚湅鍚涙繁鐐烘劅鍕�(d貌ng)锛岀偤绱�(j矛)蹇佃惉骞寸殑鍔熺妇锛屼究灏囧お闄芥鍛藉悕鐐衡�滆惉骞存鈥�锛屽皝钀勾鐐烘棩鏈堝＝鏄�銆備互鍚�锛屼汉鍊�?c猫)璋禴骞存檪(sh铆)鎺涗笂澹芥槦鍦�锛屾摎(j霉)瑾氨鏄偤浜嗙磤(j矛)蹇靛痉楂樻湜閲嶇殑钀勾鐨�銆�
榛冩涔嬩腑涓�鑸汉鐪嬬殑鏈�澶氱殑锛屾噳(y墨ng)鏄瘡鏃ュ疁鍋氫粈涔�銆佷笉瀹滃仛浠�涔堢殑閭ｄ竴闋�(xi脿ng)锛屽懡鐞嗗斧銆佹搰鏃ュ斧涔熺敱姝ゆ瑒鎵�瑷�锛屽姞涓婃瘡鏃ュ悏鏅�(sh铆)鍏囨檪(sh铆)涔嬪弮鑰冿紝渚嗘浛浜烘焙瀹氭棩鏈�銆傚緟璁�鑰呬簡瑙ｄ箣鍚�锛屼互鍚庡氨涓嶇敤鍘绘壘鎿囨棩甯簡銆備笉閬庯紝鑻ユ秹鍙婂��(g猫)浜哄叓瀛楅爡(xi脿ng)鐩�锛岄倓鏄鎵句汉鎺掍竴鎺掑ソ銆傚鏋滆嚜宸辨煡瑭㈠悏鏃�锛屼笉鎵剧畻鍛藉斧锛屽彲浠ョ炕闁嬭惉骞存鏌ヨ鐣�(d膩ng)鏃ョ殑瀹滃繉銆傝垑渚嬶細
浠ュ叓鍗佷簲骞翠竴鏈堜竴鏃ョ偤渚�锛屽鏈夛細
瀹滐細瀹夊簥銆佺磵璨�(c谩i)銆佹牻绋�銆佺祼(ji茅)缍�(w菐ng)銆佹巸鑸嶅畤銆佺キ绁�銆佹矏娴淬�佽琛�銆侀��(j矛n)浜�銆佹暣鎵嬭冻銆�
蹇岋細闁嬪競銆佺悊鐧�(f膩)銆佺墽椁�(y菐ng)銆佺磵鐣�銆侀�犵暅绋�銆佷紣鏈�銆佸仛姊併�佸畨钁�銆佺牬鍦�銆侀枊鐢熷⒊銆�
鎴戝�戠敱鍏�(n猫i)鏂囧嵆鍙�屽ぇ姒傘�嶇煡閬撴剰鎬�锛岃嫢瑕併�岄枊甯傘��锛屼笉瑕侀伕涓�鏃�锛屽彲閬镐笁鏃ワ紝鍚夋檪(sh铆)鏄湪銆屽瓙鍗堥厜浜ャ��锛屼篃灏辨槸鍑屾櫒鍗佷竴鑷充竴鏅�(sh铆)銆佷腑鍗堝崄涓�鑷充竴鏅�(sh铆)銆佷笅鍗堜簲鑷充竷鏅�(sh铆)鍙婃櫄涓婁節鑷冲崄涓�鏅�(sh铆)锛屼互浣滄伅鏅�(sh铆)闁撹█锛屽彲閬镐腑鍗堝崄涓�鏅�(sh铆)鑷充竴鏅�(sh铆)涔嬮枔鐐轰匠銆傚彟澶栧啀娉ㄦ剰鐣�(d膩ng)澶┿�屾矕鍏旂厼鏉便��锛岃倴鍏旂殑浜鸿鍥為伩锛屽嬁鏈濇澅鏂瑰幓銆傛妸閫欎簺闋�(xi脿ng)鐩稖鍚堣捣渚�锛屽氨鍙互鎴愮偤鎿囨棩甯簡銆�
鐝�(xi脿n)灏卞皣杈�(n贸ng)姘戞閮芥湁鐨勬搰鏃ョ敤浜嬭(sh霉)瑾炴壒娉ㄥ垪浜庝笅锛�
绁锛氭寚绁犲爞涔嬬キ绁�銆佸嵆鎷滅キ绁栧厛鎴栧粺瀵虹殑绁嫓銆佹嫓绁炴槑绛変簨銆�
绁堢锛氱姹傜鏄庨檷绂忔垨瑷�(sh猫)閱倓鎰夸箣浜�銆�
姹傚棧锛氭寚鍚戠鏄庣姹傚悗鍡ｏ紙瀛愬锛変箣鎰�銆�
闁嬪厜锛氱浣涘儚濉戞垚鍚�銆佷緵濂変笂浣嶄箣浜嬨��
濉戠躬锛氬寤熶箣绻洝鎴栭洉鍒荤鍍�銆佺暙闆曚汉鍍忕瓑銆�
鍑鸿锛氭寚澶栧嚭鏃呰銆佽鍏夋父瑕�銆�
榻婇啴锛氳ō(sh猫)閱缓绔嬮亾鍫�(ch菐ng)绁堟嫓銆佹眰骞冲畨绛変簨銆�
鍑虹伀锛氳瑐绉诲嫊(d貌ng)绁炰綅锛屻�岀伀銆嶆寚銆岄鐏�嶈�岃█銆�
绱嶉噰锛氱祼(ji茅)濠�锛岀窢绲�(ji茅)濠氬Щ鐨勫剙寮�銆佸彈鎺堣仒閲�銆�
瑁佽。锛氳鍒舵柊濞樿。鏈嶆垨鍒朵綔澹借。銆�
鍚堬細鍒朵綔铓婂赋涔嬩簨銆�
鍐犵瑒锛氥�屽啝銆嶆寚鐢�銆併�岀瑒銆嶆寚濂炽�佽垑琛岀敺濂虫垚浜虹殑鍎�寮�銆佺ū涔嬬偤鍐犵瑒銆�
瀚侊細鐢峰ǘ濂冲珌锛岃垑琛岀祼(ji茅)濠氬ぇ鍏哥殑鍚夋棩銆�
绱嶅┛锛氭寚鐢锋柟鍏ヨ磪浜庡コ鏂圭偤濠夸箣鎰�銆傚悓瀚佸ǘ銆�
娌�?銆傝鎼為�垛啌S鎴掕�岃█銆�
鍓冮牠锛氬垵鐢熷鍏掑墐鑳庨牠鎴栧墛鐧�(f膩)鍑哄銆�
鏁存墜瓒崇敳锛氬垵鐢熷鍏掓淇壀鎵嬭冻鐢�銆�
鍒嗗眳锛氭寚澶у搴垎瀹�銆佸悇鑷彟璧风垚鐏朵箣鎰�銆�
閫�(j矛n)浜哄彛锛氭寚鏀剁磵椁�(y菐ng)瀛愬コ鑰岃█銆�
瑙ｉ櫎锛氭寚娌栨礂娓呮巸瀹呰垗銆佽В闄ょ伣(z膩i)鍘勭瓑浜�銆�
淇�狅細鎸囬櫧瀹呬箣鍫�(ji膩n)閫犺垏淇悊銆�
璧峰熀鍕�(d貌ng)鍦燂細寤虹瓚鏅�(sh铆)銆佸惞鍕�(d貌ng)璧烽嫟闋寲鍦�銆�
浼愭湪鍋氭锛氱爫浼愭ü鏈ㄥ埗浣滃眿闋傛鏈ㄧ瓑浜嬨��
璞庢煴锛氳睅绔嬪缓绛戠墿鐨勬煴瀛�銆�
涓婃锛氳涓婂缓绛戠墿灞嬮爞?sh霉)鐗ц��?銆傚悓鏋堕Μ銆�
闁嬫煴鐪硷細鎸囦綔鏌辨湪涔嬩簨銆�
绌垮睆鎵囨灦锛氬埗浣滈杸鎵�銆佸睆闅滅瓑宸ヤ綔銆�
瀹夐杸锛氭埧灞嬭瑷�(sh猫)闁�鎴剁瓑宸ヤ簨銆�
钃嬪眿鍚堣剨锛氳钃嬫埧灞嬬殑灞嬮爞?sh霉)瑁欍伔槌�?BR>姹傞啱(y墨)鐧�?銆傜皾H鎸囨眰閱�(y墨)娌荤檪鎱㈡�х椉鐤炬垨鍕�(d貌ng)鎵嬭(sh霉)銆�
瀹夊簥锛氭寚瀹夌疆鐫″簥鑷ラ嫪涔嬫剰銆�
绉诲緳锛氭寚鎼閬风Щ浜轰富鎵�涔嬫剰銆�
鍏ュ畢锛氬嵆閬峰叆鏂板畢銆佹墍璎傘�屾柊灞呰惤鎴愬吀绂�嶄篃銆�
鎺涘尵锛氭寚鎳告帥鎷涚墝鎴栧悇绋尵椤�銆�
闁嬪競锛氶枊妤�(y猫)涔嬫剰銆傚晢搴楄铏�(h脿o)闁嬪嫉鍋氱敓鎰�?锛佹悂_骞曠Ξ銆嶃�岄枊宸ャ�嶅悓銆傚寘鎷細锛�1锛夊勾闋垵闁嬪鐕熸キ(y猫)鎴栭枊宸ョ瓑浜�銆傦紙2锛夋柊瑷�(sh猫)搴楅嫪鍟嗚鎴栨柊寤犻枊骞曠瓑浜�銆�
绔嬪埜浜ゆ槗锛氳▊绔嬪悇绋绱勪簰鐩歌卜璩ｄ箣浜�銆�
绱嶈病(c谩i)锛氳臣缃敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)銆侀��(j矛n)璨�銆佹敹甯�銆佹敹绉�銆佽◣鍌点�佽哺娆�銆佷簲璋峰叆鍊夌瓑銆�
閱為噣锛氭寚閲�閰掋�侀�犻啲鏂欑瓑浜�銆�
鎹曟崏锛氭挷婊呰静(n贸ng)浣滅墿瀹宠煵鎴栫敓鐗┿��
鏍界ó锛氱ó妞嶇墿銆屾帴鏋溿�嶃�岀ó鐢扮銆嶅悓銆�
鐣嬬嵉锛氭墦鐛垫垨鎹曟崏绂界嵏銆�
绱嶇暅锛氳卜鍏ュ鐣滈＜椁�(y菐ng)涔嬩簨銆�
鏁欑墰棣細璎傝〒(x霉n)绶寸墰棣箣宸ヤ綔銆�
鐮村眿澹炲灒锛氭寚鎷嗛櫎鎴垮眿鎴栧湇澧�銆�
鎷嗗嵏锛氭媶鎺夊缓绛戠墿銆�
闁嬩簳銆侀枊姹狅細闁嬮懣姘翠簳銆佹寲鎺樻睜濉樸��
浣滈檪銆佹斁姘达細寤虹瓚钃勬按姹犮�佸皣姘寸亴鍏ヨ搫姘存睜銆�
闁嬪粊锛氬缓閫犲粊鎵�銆�
閫犲�夊韩锛氬缓绛戝�夊韩鎴栦慨鐞嗗�夊韩銆�
濉炵┐锛氭寚鍫靛娲炵┐鎴栬熁绌寸瓑銆�
骞虫不閬撴秱锛氭寚閶钩閬撹矾绛夊伐浜�銆�
淇锛氫慨鐞嗗⒊?z膩i)娌熶粊闅�?BR>鍟熸敘锛氭寚銆屾礂楠ㄣ�嶄箣浜�銆備織璎傘�屾嬀閲戙�嶄篃銆�
闁嬬敓澧筹細闁嬮�犲⒊?z膩i)?銆傚悎澹芥湪锛氬埗浣滄：鏉�?BR>璎濆湡锛氬缓绛戠墿瀹屽伐鍚庢墍鑸夎鐨勭キ绁�銆�
瀹夎懍锛氳垑琛屽煁钁瓑鍎�寮�銆�
鍏ユ锛氬皣灏搁珨鏀惧叆妫烘潗涔嬫剰銆�
鎴愭湇銆侀櫎鏈嶏細绌夸笂鍠湇銆佽劔涓嬪柂鏈嶃��
绉绘煩锛氳垑琛岃懍鍎�鏅�(sh铆)銆佸皣妫烘湪绉诲嚭灞嬪涔嬩簨銆�
鐮达細鍍呮寚鍩嬭懍鐢ㄧ殑鐮村湡锛岃垏涓�鑸缓绛戞埧灞嬬殑銆屽嫊(d貌ng)鍦熴�嶄笉鍚屻�傚嵆銆岀牬鍦熴�嶅爆闄板畢锛屻�屽嫊(d貌ng)鍦熴�嶆寚闄藉畢涔�?锛孎(xi脿n)浠婄ぞ鏈�(hu矛)涓婂宸叉揩鐢�锛屾搰鏃ユ檪(sh铆)锛岄爤杈ㄥ垾涔�銆�
涓湅姝峰彶涓婁娇鐢ㄩ亷鐨勬娉�锛屾湁闄芥銆侀櫚姝峰拰闄伴櫧鍚堟锛屸�滅洸骞粹�濇槸闄伴櫧鍚堟鏌愮ó鈥滅疆姝ｂ�濆畨鎺掔殑绲�(ji茅)鏋�銆�
闄芥锛屽彲鑳芥槸鎴戝�戠殑绁栧厛鏈�鏃╀娇鐢ㄧ殑姝锋硶锛屽畠鏍规摎(j霉)澶櫧閬�(y霉n)琛岃(gu墨)寰嬪埗瀹�銆傚彜浜轰互鐐哄お闄界篂鍦扮悆閬�(y霉n)琛�锛岃綁(zhu菐n)鍕�(d貌ng)涓�鍛ㄧ偤涓�骞粹�斺�斾粖鏃ユ垜鍊戠煡閬撴槸鍦扮悆绻炲お闄藉叕杞�(zhu菐n)鐨勫懆鏈燂紝浣嗗彜浜虹殑瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)鍗荤浉鍙�銆傛摎(j霉)瀛�(xu茅)鑰呰�冭瓑锛屾埌(zh脿n)鍦嬫檪(sh铆)閭勬湁澶櫧姝�锛屼竴骞村崄鍊�(g猫)鏈堬紝浠ュぉ骞茬偤鍚�锛屾瘡鏈堜笁鍗佸叚鏃�锛屽垎涓夋棳锛屾棳浠ュ湴鏀偤鍚�锛屽姝ゅ崄鍊�(g猫)鏈堜笁鐧惧叚鍗佹棩锛屽姞涓婁簲鑷冲叚澶╀笉鍏ュ共鏀殑鈥滃虎鏃モ��锛屼竴骞村氨鏄笁鐧惧叚鍗佷簲鏃ユ垨涓夌櫨鍏崄鍏棩銆傚湪閭ｇó鎯呮硜涓�锛岀瘈(ji茅)姘ｇ殑瀹夋帓棣栧厛鏈夆�滃鑷斥��銆佲�滃啲鑷斥��锛岀辜鑰屽張鏈夆�滄槬鍒嗏��銆佲�滅鍒嗏��锛屽绡�(ji茅)涓婄殑鍥炴骞村厛鍒嗘槬绉嬩簩瀛ｏ紝鍚庝締鍐嶅垎鍑烘槬澶忕鍐洓瀛�锛屼互鑷充簩鍗佸洓绡�(ji茅)姘ｃ�傚彜浠ｆ枃鐛�(xi脿n)銆婄瀛愩�嬩腑鏈夐�欑ó姝锋硶鐨勭棔璺�锛屽綕鏃忓拰瑗垮崡灏戞暩(sh霉)姘戞棌鐨勭伀鎶婄瘈(ji茅)鑸囦箣鏈夐棞(gu膩n)銆傚逗鍗楁皯闁撹嚦浠婇倓娴佸偝鈥滃啲鑷冲ぇ閬庡勾鈥濈殑瑾硶锛屽氨鏄皯闁撳皪(du矛)閫欑ó姝锋硶鐨勮鎲舵畼鐣�銆傚彜浜虹⒑瀵�(sh铆)鏇剧稉(j墨ng)浠モ�滀竴闄芥洿濮嬧�濈殑鍐嚦浣滅偤鍏冩棪銆�
姝ゅ锛屾槬绉嬫埌(zh脿n)鍦嬫檪(sh铆)鏈熸湁閲囩敤鍗佷簩杈帮紙鍦版敮锛夌磤(j矛)鏈�锛岃�屽崄浜岃景鍔犳檪(sh铆)鍒跺害鑷抽伈瑗挎饥鏅�(sh铆)宸茶閲囩敤銆傝タ婕㈡湯鑷充粖锛屼竴鐩寸敤骞叉敮渚嗙磤(j矛)骞淬�傞�欏氨鏄共鏀銆傚畠浠ョ珛鏄ョ偤姝查锛屼氦绡�(ji茅)鏃ョ偤鏈堥銆傚勾闀峰嵆鍥炴骞�锛屼竴鍊�(g猫)鏈堝惈鍏╁��(g猫)绡�(ji茅)姘�銆傚湪骞叉敮姝蜂腑锛屽勾鏈堟棩鍏ㄧ敱澶櫧瑕栭亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)姹哄畾鑰岃垏澶櫚鏈堢浉鐒￠棞(gu膩n)锛屾墍浠ラ�欐槸涓�绋櫧姝枫�俒3]
闄版鏄寜鏈堜寒鐨勭泩铏ц畩鍖栦締鍒跺畾鐨�銆備竴鍊�(g猫)鏈旀湜鏈堢殑鍛ㄦ湡鏄簩鍗佷節鎴栦笁鍗佸ぉ锛屽勾鐨勯暦鐭彧鏄湀鐨勬暣鍊嶆暩(sh霉)锛岃垏鍥炴骞寸劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傛湀涔熻垏鍥涘瀵掓殤鐒￠棞(gu膩n)銆傚笇鑷樻鍜屽洖姝烽兘灞簬閫欑ó姝锋硶銆傚畠鐨勪竴骞翠腑锛屼篃涓嶅彲鑳藉嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鈥滈洐鏄モ��銆佲�滅洸骞粹��銆�
闄伴櫧鍚堟锛屾槸绲�(ji茅)鍚堝お闄藉拰鏈堜寒閬�(y霉n)琛岀殑鍛ㄦ湡鍒跺畾鐨勩�備竴骞存寜澶櫧鐨勯亱(y霉n)琛屽垎鐐轰簩鍗佸洓绡�(ji茅)姘�锛屽張鎸夌収鏈堜寒鐨勯亱(y霉n)琛屽垎鐐烘湀銆傚皬鏈�銆佸ぇ鏈堝崄浜屽��(g猫)鍔犺捣渚嗭紝鍙湁涓夌櫨浜斿崄鍥涘ぉ鎴栦笁鐧句簲鍗佷簲澶�銆傚叐鑰呯浉姣�锛岀浉宸磩鍗佷竴澶�銆傜偤浜嗗崝(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)浜岃��锛屽彜浜洪噰鍙栤�滆ō(sh猫)闁忊�濈殑杈︽硶渚嗚檿缃�锛岃嫢骞插勾涓氨鏈変竴骞存槸鍗佷笁鍊�(g猫)鏈堢殑銆傚緸鍟嗕唬鐨勭敳楠ㄤ腑閭勫彲浠ョ湅鍒扳�滃崄涓夋湀鈥濈殑瑷樿級锛屽氨鏄ō(sh猫)闁忕殑鏄庤瓑銆備笂涓栫磤(j矛)鏈夊(xu茅)鑰呭牨(b脿o)鍛婏紝鍗楁柟鐨勭懁鏃忛倓淇濆瓨钁椻�滃崄涓夋湀鈥濈殑鍙硶?锛孎(xi脿n)琛屸�滃崄涔濆勾涓冮枏鈥濈殑鍒跺害璧锋簮鐩哥暥(d膩ng)鏃�銆傛垜鍦嬬殑姝峰彶锛岃嚜銆婃槬绉嬨�嬩互涓�锛屽氨鏈夊共鏀鏃ュ彲鏌�锛岃冻浠ョ偤璀�銆�
浣嗙疆闁忔湀锛屾湭蹇呭氨閫犳垚涓�骞村叐鍊�(g猫)鈥滅珛鏄モ��锛屾垨娌掓湁鈥滅珛鏄モ��銆傞�欓噷鍙堟秹鍙娾�滅疆姝ｂ�濈殑鍟忛锛屽嵆浠ラ偅涓�鍊�(g猫)鏈堢偤姝ｆ湀銆傚緸姝峰彶瑷樿級渚嗙湅锛岄�欑ó鈥滅疆姝ｂ�濇瘮杓冨京(f霉)闆滐細
澶忔湞浠ュ瘏鏈堢偤姝ｆ湀锛岀ū鐐哄缓瀵咃紱
鍟嗘湞浠ヤ粖鍗佷簩鏈堢偤姝ｆ湀锛屽缓涓戯紱
鍛ㄦ湞浠ュ崄涓�鏈堢偤姝ｆ湀锛屽缓瀛�锛�
绉︽湞浠ュ崄鏈堢偤姝ｆ湀锛屽缓浜�銆�
婕㈡湞寤虹珛锛屽垵鎵跨Е鍒�锛屼互鐐哄緱姘村痉锛屼害寤轰亥锛涘悗渚嗗埌姝﹀笣鏅�(sh铆)锛岀稉(j墨ng)钀戒笅闁庢帹绠�锛屽張鏀规垚澶忔锛屼互瀵呮湀鐐烘鏈�銆�
涓嶅悓鈥滅疆姝ｂ�濓紝灏辨湁涓嶅悓鐨勬柊骞磋捣榛�(di菐n)銆備緥濡傚缓瀵呯殑锛屽氨浠ュ瘏鏈堢殑璧烽粸(di菐n)鐐哄厓鏃�銆傞�欑ó杈︽硶锛岃嚜婕㈡浠ヤ締锛屼簩鍗冨勾涓�锛岄洊缍�(j墨ng)涓嶆柗瀹屽杽锛屼絾澶ч珨娌跨敤涓嶈畩銆�
鍏跺(sh铆)鍏╁��(g猫)鈥滅珛鏄モ�濈殑鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紙鍙堝彨鈥滃叐闋槬鈥濓級锛屼笉閬庢槸杈�(n贸ng)姝锋湁闁忔湀浜�锛屽湪涓�骞寸殑鏅�(sh铆)闁撹法搴︿笂瓒呴亷浜嗕簩鍗佸洓绡�(ji茅)姘ｇ殑鍛ㄦ湡闀峰害鐨勫晱椤�銆傝�屽叕姝锋矑鏈夐�欎竴鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛屽洜?y脿n)妤ｇ彴v涓�骞存湁365鎴�366澶�锛岃垏浜屽崄鍥涚瘈(ji茅)姘ｇ殑鍛ㄦ湡闀峰害鐩哥磩銆傝�岃静(n贸ng)姝锋湁闁忔湀鏅�(sh铆)锛堝嵆鏈�13鍊�(g猫)鏈堬級涓�骞撮暦閬�(d谩)383~384澶�锛�
寰堝浜洪兘涓�鐩村湪鎵炬彌闄伴櫧姝风殑鍏紡锛岄珮骞冲瓙[4] 鎵�钁椼�婂(xu茅)姝锋暎璜栥�嬭В璁�浜嗗彜姝风殑璁婃洿鍜岄櫚闄芥鐨勭己闄凤紝鎵嶇煡閬撶敱鏂兼湀鐞冭綁(zhu菐n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勪笉绌�(w臎n)瀹氫笉瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛岀⒑瀹氱劇鍏紡鍙皨銆傞�欎篃鏄彜浠ｄ腑鍦嬫瘡鐧惧勾蹇呮敼姝风殑鍘熷洜銆俒5]
闄版鐨勫晱椤屾槸鍦ㄥ浣曠疆闁�銆傚ソ鍍忎笉闆�锛屽洜?y脿n)娈涘袱v鍩烘湰娉曞墖濡備笅锛�
* 鏈堟湐鏃ュ嵆鏄垵涓�
* 鏈堜互涓埃寰楀悕
* 浠ュ寘鍚洦姘翠腑姘ｆ湀鐐烘鏈�锛屽嵆鏄�屽瘏銆嶆湀
* 鏈堢劇涓埃鑰呯偤闁忔湀锛屼互鍓嶆湀鍚屽悕銆�
濡傛灉锛屾棩鏈堣綁(zhu菐n)鍕�(d貌ng)寰倓鏈夎(gu墨)鍓囩殑瑭憋紝 鎺ㄦ紨涓�濂楅櫚闄芥杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涚殑鍏紡骞朵笉闆�銆傚晱椤屽湪鏈夋檪(sh铆)涓�鍊�(g猫)澶櫚鏈堟瘮涓�鍊�(g猫)澶櫧鏈堥倓瑕侀暦銆傚姝や竴鍊�(g猫)澶櫚鏈堝氨鏈夊彲鑳藉寘鎷叐鍊�(g猫)涓埃銆傛闆欎腑姘ｆ湀寰岀殑闄版鏈堝悕灏卞叏閮ㄤ簜鎺変簡锛岀洿鍒颁笅涓�鍊�(g猫)銆屽亣銆嶉枏鏈堝緦鎵嶈(di脿o)鏁撮亷渚�銆�
涓�鑸汉鎺ヨЦ鍒扮殑闄伴櫧姝锋槸姘戠敤姝锋硶锛屽畠鏄斂搴滈爳浠ょ殑浠ユ澅缍�(j墨ng)120搴﹁▓(j矛)绠楃殑姝锋硶鎴栫ū涓師妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏅�(sh铆)闁撴垨鍖椾含鏅�(sh铆)銆傚鏋�锛屾垜鍊戠敤涓嶅悓鏅�(sh铆)鍗�(q奴)銆佷笉鍚岀稉(j墨ng)搴︾偤瀛愬崍绶氫締閲嶆柊瑷�(j矛)绠楅櫚闄芥锛屾皯鐢ㄦ娉曠殑缃枏娉曞墖鍑轰簡寰堝ぇ鐨勫晱椤�銆備笉鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍗�(q奴)鐨勯枏鏈堝彲鑳借惤鍦ㄤ笉鍚屾湀銆傛彌瑷�涔�锛屽湪涓�鐧惧勾鍏�(n猫i)锛屼换浣曞叐鍊�(g猫)鏅�(sh铆)鍗�(q奴)鐨勯枏鏈堥爢搴忔ā寮忔槸鏈�(hu矛)涓嶇浉鍚岀殑銆�
楂樺钩瀛愬墠杓╂浉涓彁鍒颁簡銆屾鐞嗙疆闁忔硶銆嶃�傚鏋滄噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ鐞嗙疆闁忔硶鍒颁笉鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍗�(q奴)锛屽墖鎵�鏈変笉鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍗�(q奴)鐨勯枏鏈堥兘钀藉湪鐩稿悓鏈�銆傚姝や笉鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍗�(q奴)銆佷笉鍚岀稉(j墨ng)搴︾殑闄伴櫧姝风疆闁忎箣鍟忛灏辨秷澶变簡銆傛皯鐢ㄧ疆闁忓拰姝风悊缃枏鐨勪笉鍚屾槸锛�
* 鍦ㄦ皯鐢ㄧ疆闁�锛屽鏋滄湀鏈旀棩鍜屼腑姘ｅ悓涓�澶╋紝鍓囪┎闄版鏈堝寘鍚偅鍊�(g猫)涓埃銆�
* 鍦ㄦ鐞嗙疆闁忥紝濡傛灉鏈堟湐鏃ュ拰涓埃鍚屼竴澶�锛屾湀鏈旀棩鏅�(sh铆)闁撳繀闋堝湪涓埃鏅�(sh铆)闁撲箣鍓�锛屽墖瑭查櫚姝锋湀鎵嶅寘鍚偅鍊�(g猫)涓埃銆�
绨¤█涔�锛屾皯鐢ㄧ疆闁忔瘮杓冩湀鏈斿拰涓埃鏃ユ湡锛涙鐞嗙疆闁忔瘮杓冩湀鏈斿拰涓埃鏃ユ湡銆佹檪(sh铆)銆佸垎銆佺銆傜敱姝ゅ彲鐭ワ紝娌掓湁绮剧⒑鐨勫お闄藉拰鏈堜寒鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撴暩(sh霉)瀛�锛岄櫚姝风殑闁忔湀鍙兘鏈�(hu矛)鎺掗尟(cu貌)浜�銆�
鍩烘柤閫欎簺鐞嗙敱锛屾垜钁楁墜灏嬫壘澶╂枃鍏紡瑷�(j矛)绠楃簿纰虹殑澶櫧鍜屾湀浜湪绶害鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁�銆傜暥(d膩ng)骞存矑鏈夌恫(w菐ng)璺紝鐧�(f膩)浜嗗ぇ鍗婂勾鏂肩編鍦嬪崡鍔犲窞鍚勫ぇ鍦栨浉椁ㄥ強澶у(xu茅)锛屾壘灏嬬瓟妗堛��1993骞村嚭鐗堜簡銆屼腑缇庡ぉ鏂囪惉骞存銆嶄竴鏇�銆傛浉涓簿纰虹殑澶╂枃鏃ユ湀鏅�(sh铆)闁撳彧寰�1900鍒�2010骞淬�傚洜鎭�2011寰屾檪(sh铆)闁撹宸秴閬庝竴鍒嗛悩锛屼笉澶犵簿纰�锛屼笉鏁㈠嵃鍑�銆�2012寰炵恫(w菐ng)璺硣瑷�锛岀⒑瀹氬お闄藉拰鏈堜寒?x铆)r闁撶殑绮剧⒑搴﹀緦锛岀櫨蹇欎腑閲嶆柊鏁寸悊璩囨枡锛屾彁渚涚郸闇�瑕侀櫚闄芥杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涘叕寮忕殑鏈嬪弸銆�
鏁寸悊鍑虹殑澶櫧鍜屾湀浜�?x铆)r闁撴暩(sh霉)瀛楁槸寰炶タ鍏�1骞村埌2246骞淬�傛湁姝风悊鍜屼腑鍦嬫皯鐢ㄥ叐濂楁娉�銆傛暩(sh霉)瀛楀収(n猫i)瀹规竻娓呮妤氱殑鐪嬪嚭姘戠敤姝锋硶鐨勬暆绔�備緥濡�锛屽緸瑗垮厓1600骞村埌2246骞达紝姘戠敤姝锋硶闆欎腑姘ｇ殑闄版鏈堟湁22鍊�(g猫)锛屾鐞嗘娉曞彧鏈�5鍊�(g猫)銆傛皯鐢ㄦ娉曠敋鑷冲湪2033銆�2128鍜�2242骞翠腑锛屼笁鍊�(g猫)鏈堜箣闁撳眳鐒惰窇鍑哄叐鍊�(g猫)闆欎腑姘�锛涙彌瑷�涔嬶紝涓夊��(g猫)鏈堜腑澶氬嚭鍏╁��(g猫)銆屽亣銆嶉枏鏈�銆傚墠寰�12鍊�(g猫)闄版鏈堜腑鏈変笁鍊�(g猫)闁忔湀锛岄枏鏈堢殑鍘荤暀閫犳垚瑷卞瀛�(xu茅)鑰呯殑瑷庤珫鍜屽洶鎯�銆傛鐞嗘娉曞湪姝や笁骞翠腑锛屽嵒娌掓湁鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍒伴洐涓埃闄版鏈�銆傞枏鏈堢殑鍘荤暀鍙鎶婇洐涓埃鏈堝緦鐨勩�屽亣銆嶉枏鏈堝彇娑堬紝鍓囨鐞嗘娉曡繎涔庢柤瀹岀編銆�
鐢辨鍙煡锛屾皯鐢ㄦ娉曞晱椤屽緢澶�锛屾噳(y墨ng)瑭插虎闄�銆備笂娆￠櫚闄芥閲嶅ぇ鏀规鍦�1645骞�锛屽凡缍�(j墨ng)瓒呴亷350骞淬�傞毃钁楀ぉ鏂囩瀛�(xu茅)鐨勯��(j矛n)姝�锛屼腑鍦嬮櫚闄芥鎳�(y墨ng)瑭蹭娇鐢ㄨ純绮剧⒑鐨勬鐞嗘娉�銆傚厤寰楀緦浠ｅ瓙瀛啀娴不(f猫i)鏅�(sh铆)闁撹◣璜栫疆闁忓幓鐣欑殑鍟忛銆�
闄伴櫧姝锋噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ湪鍏瓧绠楀懡銆佺传寰枟鏁�(sh霉)銆佽静(n贸ng)姘戞銆侀亖鐢叉鏈�澶�銆傚緢澶氫汉涓嶇煡閬撴帓鍏瓧鍙敤闄芥鑰屼笉鐢ㄩ櫚姝枫�傜櫦(f膩)浜嗚ū澶氭檪(sh铆)闁撳湪鐮旂┒闄伴櫧姝风殑杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�銆傚叾瀵�(sh铆)鍏瓧鍙娇鐢ㄥお闄戒腑绡�(ji茅)姘ｏ紝鍜屾湀浜矑鏈変换浣曢棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傜传寰枟鏁�(sh霉)鍓囬渶瑕侀櫚姝锋棩鏈熷幓鎺掑懡鐩�銆傜編鍦嬫檪(sh铆)鍗�(q奴)鐨勯櫚姝锋棩鏈熸湁涓�鍗婂拰涓湅鏅�(sh铆)鍗�(q奴)鐨勯櫚姝锋棩鏈熷樊涓�澶�锛屽洜?y脿n)闂�r(sh铆)宸秴閬�12灏忔檪(sh铆)锛涘垵涓�灏卞彲鑳藉湪涓嶅悓鏃ヤ箣鏁�銆傛湁浣嶅湪鍔犳嬁澶ц伔妤�(y猫)绠楀懡鐨勬湅鍙�锛岀簿閫氬叓瀛楀拰绱井鏂楁暩(sh霉)锛岀爺绌跺叾濂冲懡鐩�銆傚叓瀛楄珫鐖舵瘝锛屽悎鎯呭悎鐞�銆傛枟鏁�(sh霉)鐖舵瘝瀹紝鐪嬩笉鍑鸿嚜宸卞奖瀛�銆傚悗渚嗭紝鍦ㄤ腑缇庡ぉ鏂囪惉骞存涓�鏇哥櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗐�屽樊涓�澶┿�嶄箣瑙ｇ瓟銆�
鏇炬湁涓�浣嶉��浼戝崥澹敤浜嗚繎涓夊崄骞存壘灏嬮櫚闄芥鐨勫叕寮�锛屽晱閬嶅叐宀稿悇澶уぉ鏂囪嚭(t谩i)锛屽緱涓嶅埌绛旀锛岀洿鍒扮櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)涓編澶╂枃钀勾姝蜂竴鏇�銆�锛屽笇鏈涙垜閲嶆柊鏁寸悊鐨勪腑鍦嬮櫚闄芥鐨勫ぉ鏂囨暩(sh霉)瀛楀拰鍘熷绋嬪紡锛岃兘绲︽湁姹傜煡娆叉柤闄伴櫧姝疯綁(zhu菐n)鎻涙柟娉曠殑璁�鍙嬩竴鍊�(g猫)绛旀锛屼互鍏嶅緱涓嶅埌绛旀鑰岄伜鎲剧祩韬�銆�
涓湅闄伴櫧姝风殑澶╂枃鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀拰鍘熷绋嬪紡鐢ㄧ啊鍠嫳鏂囬棥杩�锛�
楂樺钩瀛� Kao Ping Tse鈥�1888-1970銆旀槸涓湅杩戜唬鏈�鏈夋垚灏辩殑澶╂枃瀛�(xu茅)鑰呬箣涓�銆備粬娌掓湁鎺ュ彈姝ｈ(gu墨)鐨勫ぉ鏂囨暀鑲�銆傛啈钁楀皪(du矛)澶╂枃鐨勯叿鎰涳紝鑷繁鐮旇畝澶╂枃鏇哥睄銆傚洜?y脿n)妯楅簯?du矛)澶╂枃鐨勮并鐛�(xi脿n)锛屽湪浠栫殑鐧惧勾鍐ヨ獣锛屾湀鐞冪殑涓�鍊�(g猫)鐠�(hu谩n)褰㈡湀鍧戜互浠栫殑鍚嶅瓧鐐哄悕銆備綅缃湪鏈堢悆鏉辩稉(j墨ng)87.6搴︼紝鍗楃矾6.7搴�锛� 鐩村緫34鍏噷锛岀偤鍦嬬埈(zh膿ng)鍏�銆�
钀勾姝风畻鏄熸湡骞惧彧瑕侀毃渚胯鍑哄叕鍏冨咕骞惧勾骞炬湀骞炬棩灏卞彲浠ラΜ涓婄畻鍑烘槸鏄熸湡骞俱�俒6]
鍙瑷�(j矛)绠楀嚭鏃ョ殑浠ｇ⒓锛屾湀浠戒唬纰硷紝骞翠唤浠ｇ⒓銆備笁鍊�(g猫)鍔犺捣渚嗛櫎浠ヤ竷鐨勪綑鏁�(sh霉)灏辨槸鏄熸湡骞�锛岋紙濡備綑鏁�(sh霉)鏄笁锛屽墖灏辨槸鏄熸湡涓夛級銆�
鏃ョ殑浠ｇ⒓瑷�(j矛)绠楋細鏃ョ殑浠ｇ⒓鏈�绨″柈锛屽氨鏄畠鏈韩锛屾槸骞捐櫉(h脿o)灏辨槸骞�銆�
鏈堜唤浠ｇ⒓瑷�(j矛)绠楋細鏈堜唤浠ｇ⒓涔熷緢绨″柈锛屼笅闈㈡湁鍗佷簩鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)锛�1 4 4 7 2 5 7 3 6 1 4 6锛屽垎鍒ヤ唬琛ㄤ竴鑷冲崄浜屾湀浠芥瘡鍊�(g猫)鏈堢殑浠ｇ⒓銆傛瘮濡傦紝涔濇湀浠界殑浠ｇ⒓鐐�6銆傦紙鎿�(j霉)渚嗚硴浠嬬垂锛屼粬鏄敤閫嗘帹鐨勬柟娉�锛岃▓(j矛)绠楀嚭閫�12鍊�(g猫)鏈堜唤浠ｇ⒓鐨�锛屽嵆鐭ラ亾鏌愬勾鏌愭湀鏌愭棩鏄槦鏈熷咕锛屽弽閬庝締鎺ㄧ畻鏈堜唤浠ｇ⒓銆傦級
骞翠唤浠ｇ⒓瑷�(j矛)绠楋細骞翠唤浠ｇ⒓鐩稿皪(du矛)姣旇純寰�(f霉)闆�锛屽厛瑷樹綇2000骞村皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫勾浠戒唬纰兼槸4锛岄�欐槸鍩虹(ch菙)浠ｇ⒓锛岀墷瑷樺嵆鍙�銆�
鍋囧澶т簬2000骞�锛屾瘮濡�2010骞�锛屽墖灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫勾浠戒唬纰兼槸锛�2010锛�2000锛壝�4=2鈥︹��2锛屽啀鐢ㄥ熀鏁�(sh霉)浠ｇ⒓4娓涘幓2鍊嶇殑鍟嗗姞涓婁綑鏁�(sh霉)鍐嶅姞1銆傚嵆4锛�2脳2+2+1=3锛屽墖2010骞村皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫勾浠戒唬纰肩偤3銆傚鏋滄矑鏈変綑鏁�(sh霉)锛屽嵆娼ゅ勾锛屽墖浣欐暩(sh霉)鍚庨潰鐨�1涔熶笉鐢ㄥ姞銆傛瘮濡�2008骞�锛屽皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫勾浠戒唬纰肩偤0銆�
鍋囧灏忎簬2000骞�锛屾瘮濡�1991骞�锛屽墖灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫勾浠戒唬纰兼槸锛�2000锛�1991锛壝�4=2鈥︹��1锛屽啀鐢ㄥ熀鏁�(sh霉)浠ｇ⒓4鍔犱笂2鍊嶇殑鍟嗘笡鍘讳綑鏁�(sh霉)銆� 鍗�4+2脳2锛�1=7锛屽墖1991骞村皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫勾浠戒唬纰肩偤7銆�
鍐嶈浣�1鍊�(g猫)鐗规畩鎯呮硜锛屽嵆娼ゅ勾鐨�3鍒�12鏈堜唤鍒拌鍔�1銆�
鑸夊��(g猫)渚嬪瓙鍚�锛屾瘮濡�1992骞�8鏈�27鏃�銆傚墖锛�2000锛�1992锛壝�4=2鈥︹��0锛屽啀4+2脳2锛�0=8锛屽勾浠戒唬纰艰▓(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滅偤8锛屽姞涓�8鏈堜唤鐨勪唬纰�3锛屽啀鍔犱笂鏃ョ殑浠ｇ⒓27锛屽洜?y脿n)妲彣娅�?锛屾墍浠ラ倓瑕佸姞1锛岀瓑浜�39銆傚啀闄や互涓冪殑浣欐暩(sh霉)鐐�4锛屽墖閫欎竴澶╃偤鏄熸湡鍥涖��
杈涘烦涔欎亥鍒濅節棣墠鍏噾锜緧鐚存墦
澹崍榛冭爆鍗佷節闆炰簩浜斾節鏈堝崄涓�涓�
鐧告湭鐢插崍鐣�(d膩ng)鏃ラ紶姝ｄ笁鍏崄鑷樻湀浜�
鐢茬敵鎴婂瓙鍗佷簩鍗墠鍥涗簩浜旂尨璞挰
涔欓厜鐧镐笐寤夸簩鍗堟浜屽洓浜旂尨鑸囬紶
涓欐垖涓佹湭鍒濅笁闆炰簩涓変簲鍏叓榧犳伅
涓佸コ杈涗笐鍗佸洓澶滃悗浜屼笁浜斿叚鍏亥
鎴婂瓙涔欎笐寤垮叚鍗帀铇竷涔濆瓙涓婃壘
宸蹭笐榛冪緤鍒濅竷棣簩浜斾節榧犱竷鏈堝��
搴氬瘏鐧告湭鍗佸叓閰夋鍥涗竷鍏爆鑸囩墰
杈涘嵂涓佷笐寤垮叓澶滀簩浜斾竷涔濊垏瀛愭湀
澹景榛戠尨鍒濆崄铏庢涓夊叚涔濆瓙鍓嶄簲
鐧稿烦涓欑敵寤夸竴铔囨涓夊洓涓冨崄鑷樻煡
鐢插崍搴氬瘏鍒濅簩鐢充簩鍥涗簲涓冨崄鏈堢湡
涔欐湭闈掗洖鍗佷簩浜ョ伀灞�鍓嶄笁涓冭泧鍦�
涓欑敵宸遍厜寤垮洓铏庢涓変簲鍏叓鑸囪爆
涓侀厜鐧稿嵂鍒濅簲铔囩帀铇悗鍏竷鍗佽嚇
鎴婃垖涓欏瘏鍗佸叚鐢冲洓鍏竷涔濆瓙鏈堢湡
宸变亥杈涢厜寤夸竷璞鍥涘叚鏈堥噾锜嚭
搴氬瓙涔欏嵂鍒濅節铏庝簩鍥涘悗鍏噾锜垶
杈涗笐宸卞嵂鍗佷節铔囦簩鍥涘叚涔濆瓙榧犵埇
澹瘏鐢叉垖涓夊崄鐢虫涓夊洓鍏節鑷樼湡
鐧稿嵂鎴婅景鍗佷竴浜ョ帀铇悗鍥涢洖鐗涘湪
鐢茶景榛戦緧寤夸簩铏庝簩鍥涗竷涔濆啀鍔犱簲
涔欏烦涓佷亥鍒濅笁杈版鏈堜簲鍏鏈堣嚚
涓欏崍搴氳景鍗佷簲缇婂悗涓変簲鍏節鐗涚緤
涓佹湭闈掗緧寤夸簲鐙椾笁鍏竷涔濆瓙涓婅蛋
鎴婄敵宸变亥鍒濅竷涓戞涓夊叚瀛愬悗涓冧節
宸查厜鐧镐亥鍗佸叓杈伴噾锜笁浜旈倓鏈夊瘏
搴氭垖涓佸烦寤垮叓鏈簩涓変簲鍏瓙鏈堝皪(du矛)
杈涘コ澹瓙鍒濅節鎴屾按灞�姝ｅ洓鍚庝簲灞�
澹瓙绱呴紶寤夸竴鍗涓夊洓鍏叓瀛愬皬
鐧镐笐搴氬崍鍒濅簩杈颁簩鍥涗簲涓冨叓瀛愮湡
鐢插瘏鐢插瓙鍗佷笁缇婂悗鍥涗簲鍏按灞�闀�
涔欏嵂鎴婂瓙寤垮洓閰変笁浜斿叚鍏崄涓�涔�
涓欒景澹崍鍒濆叚榧犱簲涔濆悗鍏按灞�涓�
涓佸烦涓欏崍鍗佷竷鍗簩浜斾竷涔濆瓙涓戞壘
鎴婂崍搴氬瓙寤夸竷棣簩浜斿叓鍗佽嚇鏈堟煡
宸叉湭鏈ㄧ緤鍒濆叓閰�(闁忓叚)浜屼笁浜斾竷鍗佽垏涓�
搴氱敵宸辨湭鍗佷節榧犱簩鏈堜笁鏈堜竷鍗佷簲
杈涢厜鐢插瘏涓夊崄鍏旀涓夊洓鍏尨鑸囪爆
澹垖鎴婄敵鍗佷竴棣帀铇悗鍥涗竷涔濇煡
鐧镐亥澹敵寤夸簩閰変簩鍥涗簲涓冧亥璞蛋
鐢插瓙涓欏瘏鍒濅笁澶滀簩浜斿叚鍏節鍚庡崄
涔欎笐搴氬瘏涓�浜斿嵂姝ｅ洓鍏叓鐙楅紶璺�
涓欏瘏鐢茬敵寤垮叚鍗堟鍥涗竷涔濈墰鑸囬紶
涓佸嵂鎴婂瘏鍒濅竷鐚翠簩鍥涘悗鍏節瀛愪笐
鎴婅景澹瘏鍗佷竷浜ヤ節鏈堢帀铇笐鐗涘湪
宸插烦涓侀厜寤垮叓瀵呬簩涓変簲涓冧節鏈堢湡
搴氬崍澹景鍒濅節铔囨涓夊洓鍏悗浜斿叓
杈涙湭涓欒景浜屽崄锛庣敵姝ｄ笁鍥涘叚涓冧節鐪�
澹敵搴氭垖鐣�(d膩ng)鏃ヤ亥姝ｅ洓浜斾竷闆炶爆渚�
鐧搁厜鐢茶景鍗佷笁铏庨噾锜悗涓夋涓冧簲
鐢叉垖涓佸嵂寤垮洓铔囧洓鍏叓涔濆瓙鏈堟煡
涔欎亥澹垖鍒濅簲鐚存鍥涘瓙鍏悗鍏節
涓欏瓙绱呯嫍鍗佸叚浜ユ涓夊叚鍏紶鐗涘湪
涓佷笐搴氳景寤夸竷铏庝簩鍥涘叚涔濅笐鐗涚姠
鎴婂瘏涔欎亥鍒濆叓杈颁簩涓夐洐浜旈洖榧犲
宸卞嵂榛冭爆鍗佷節鏈簩涓変簲鍏叓涓戝皪(du矛)
搴氳景鐧稿烦寤夸節鐙椾笁鍥涘叚涓冧節
缍韩闆诲瓙閫�锛岄浕瀛愮煡璀�(sh铆)锛屼竴鏌ョ櫨閫�锛�
宸叉敹閷勮姊�153979鍊�(g猫)
IC鍨嬭櫉(h脿o)绱㈠紩锛� A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
©2025 缍韩闆诲瓙甯傚牬(ch菐ng)缍�(w菐ng)锛坵ww.dzsc.com锛夈��缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻ū鍙瓑绶ㄨ櫉(h脿o)锛�娴橞2-20050339 鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鑱叉槑
鍗佸叚骞村皥娉ㄦ墦閫犲劒(y艒u)璩�(zh矛)闆诲瓙鍏冨櫒浠堕噰璩肩恫(w菐ng)銆両C浜ゆ槗骞宠嚭(t谩i)銆�
璨峰鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐔辩窔锛�0571-85317666 | 璨峰鏈嶅嫏(w霉)閮≦Q锛�
璩ｅ鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐔辩窔锛�0571-85317586 | 璩ｅ鏈嶅嫏(w霉)閮≦Q锛�
