銆�銆�(1) 闆荤杓诲皠鑸囧湴琛ㄧ殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤
銆�銆�闆荤杓诲皠鑳借垏鍦拌〃鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢紝涓昏鏈変笁绋熀鏈殑鐗╃悊閬�(gu貌)绋嬧�斺�斿弽灏�銆佸惛鏀�銆侀�忓皠銆�
銆�銆�鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ兘閲忓畧鎭掑師鐞�锛屾垜鍊戝彲灏囦笁鑰呴棞(gu膩n)绯绘弿杩板涓嬶細
銆�銆�EI(位)锛滶R(位)锛婨A(位)鍗丒t(位)
銆�銆�寮忎腑锛孍I鐐哄叆灏勮兘閲�锛孍R鐐哄弽灏勮兘锛孍A鐐哄惛鏀惰兘锛孍t鐐洪�忓皠鑳�锛屽畠鍊戝潎鏄尝闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆傞�欓噷鑳介噺鍙嶅皠R銆佸惛鏀禔銆侀�忓皠t鐨勬瘮渚�锛屽強姣忓��(g猫)閬�(gu貌)绋嬬殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)灏�(du矛)浜庝笉鍚岀殑鍦拌〃鐗瑰緛鏄畩鍖栫殑銆傞�欑ó璁婂寲涓�鏂归潰渚濊炒(l脿i)浜庡湴琛ㄧ壒寰佺殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鑸囩媭鎱�(t脿i)锛屽鐗╄唱(zh矛)绲勬垚銆佸咕浣曠壒寰�銆佸厜鐓ц搴︾瓑锛涘彟涓�鏂归潰渚濊炒(l脿i)浜庢尝闀�(zh菐ng)锛屼笉鍚屾尝闀�(zh菐ng)琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍑轰笉鍚岀壒榛�(di菐n)鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢ㄩ亷(gu貌)绋�銆�
銆�銆�鈼� 骞惧��(g猫)閲嶈鐨勮蓟灏勫害閲忔蹇�
銆�銆�a.绔嬮珨瑙掞紙Solid angle)锛氱珛楂旇鏄蓟灏勯�氶噺瀹氶噺娓�(c猫)閲忕殑涓�鍊�(g猫)鍩烘湰姒傚康锛岄噰鐢ㄩ(l猫i)浼煎姬搴︾殑搴﹂噺鏂规硶銆傝〃绀虹偤閷愰珨鎵�鏀旀埅鐨勭悆闈㈢⿳蟽鑸囧崐寰憆鐨勫钩鏂逛箣姣�锛岃〃绀虹偤锛毼�=s/r2銆傜珛楂旇鐨勫柈浣嶇敤鐞冮潰搴︼紙Steradian锛岀啊(ji菐n)瀵�(xi臎)鐐篠r锛夎〃绀�锛岄潰绌嶇偤4蟺r2鐨勭悆锛屽叾绔嬮珨瑙掔偤4蟺鐞冮潰搴�銆�
銆�銆�b.杓诲皠鑳絎锛氶浕纾佽蓟灏勬墍鏀滃付锛堟垨鍌抽仦锛夌殑鑳介噺锛屽畠琛ㄧず鍦ㄧ郸瀹氱殑鏅�(sh铆)闁撻枔闅斿収(n猫i)鐢辫蓟灏勬簮杓诲皠鍑虹殑鍏ㄩ儴鑳介噺銆傝蓟灏勮兘鐨勫柈浣嶆槸鐒�?f脿n)鏋呵氼嵐?h脿o)J锛�銆�
銆�銆�c.杓诲皠閫氶噺桅锛氳蓟灏勮兘鍌抽仦鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撻�熺巼锛屾槸鍠綅鏅�(sh铆)闁撳収(n猫i)鎵�鍌抽仦鐨勮兘閲�銆傚父鐢ㄥ柈浣嶆槸鐡︼紙绗﹁櫉(h脿o)W锛�銆傝〃绀虹偤锛� 桅=d惟 /dt銆傚ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)鍌虫劅鍣ㄩ熆鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬槸杓诲皠鑳藉偝閬炵殑鏅�(sh铆)闁撻�熺巼锛岃�屼笉鏄墍鍌抽仦鐨勭附鑳介噺銆�
銆�銆�d.杓诲皠閫氶噺瀵嗗害锛�?ji菐n)鎸濆够濞鎵�鎴嵅鐨勮蓟灏勯�氶噺銆�
銆�銆�e.杓诲皠寮�(qi谩ng)搴︼紙Radiant intensity锛塈 锛氳蓟灏勬簮姣忓柈浣嶇珛楂旇鎵�鐧�(f膩)鍑虹殑杓诲皠閫氶噺瀵嗗害锛屽柈浣嶇偤鐡�?鐞冮潰搴�-1锛圵 路Sr-1)銆傝〃绀虹偤 锛� I=d桅/d惟杓诲皠寮�(qi谩ng)搴鍏锋湁鏂瑰悜鎬э紝鍥犳I(胃)鏄哥殑鍑芥暩(sh霉)銆傚皪(du矛)浜庡悇鍚戣蓟灏勫悓鎬ц蓟灏勬簮锛� I=桅/4蟺 銆�
銆�銆�f.杓荤収搴︼紙Irradiance锛夛細鎶曞皠鍒拌〃闈笂鐨勮蓟灏勯�氶噺瀵嗗害锛岀敤绗﹁櫉(h脿o)E琛ㄧず锛堝柈浣嶇偤W路m-2)銆傝〃绀虹偤E=d桅/dS 銆�
銆�銆�g.鍑哄皠搴︼紙Radiant emittance锛夛細寰炶〃闈㈢櫦(f膩)鍑虹殑杓诲皠閫氶噺瀵嗗害锛岀敤绗﹁櫉(h脿o)M琛ㄧず锛堝柈浣嶇偤W路m-2锛�銆�
銆�銆�h.杓诲皠浜害(Radiance)L锛氳蓟灏勪寒搴︾⒑瀹氶潰杓诲皠婧愮殑杓诲皠寮�(qi谩ng)搴︺�侺鍏锋湁鏂瑰悜鎬�锛屾寚杓诲皠婧愬湪鏌愪竴鏂瑰悜鐨勫柈浣嶆姇褰辫〃闈㈠湪鍠綅绔嬮珨瑙掑収(n猫i)鐨勮蓟灏勯�氶噺锛屽柈浣嶆槸鐡�/绫�2路鐞冮潰搴︼紙W/m2路Sr锛�銆傝〃绀虹偤 L(胃)=d2桅/d惟(dAcos 胃)銆傞�氬父鎯呮硜涓�锛岄潰鍏冪殑L(胃)闅ㄨ(gu膩n)娓�(c猫)鐨勮搴ξ歌�屾敼璁�銆傜暥(d膩ng)鏌愪竴杓诲皠婧愮殑L(胃)鑸囄哥劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鏅�(sh铆)锛岄�欑ó杓诲皠婧愯绋�(ch膿ng)鐐烘湕浼紙Lambert锛夋簮銆傚毚(y谩n)鏍煎湴瑾�(shu艒)锛屽彧鏈夐粦楂旓紙Black body锛夋墠鏄湕浼簮銆�
銆�銆�1) 鍙嶅皠锛坮eflection锛�
銆�銆�鐣�(d膩ng)闆荤杓诲皠鑳藉埌閬�(d谩)鍏╃ó涓嶅悓浠嬭唱(zh矛)鐨勫垎鐣岄潰鏅�(sh铆)锛屽叆灏勮兘閲忕殑涓�閮ㄥ垎鎴栧叏閮ㄨ繑鍥炲師浠嬭唱(zh矛)鐨勭従(xi脿n)璞�锛岀ū(ch膿ng)涔嬬偤鍙嶅皠銆傚弽灏勭殑鐗瑰緛鍙互閫氶亷(gu貌)鍙嶅皠鐜囪〃绀�锛屽畠鏄尝闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)锛屾晠绋�(ch膿ng)鐐哄厜璀滃弽灏勭巼r(位) 銆傚厜璀滃弽灏勭巼r(位) 琚畾缇╃偤锛�
銆�銆�r(位)浠ョ櫨鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)琛ㄧず锛屽叾鍊煎湪0锛�1涔嬮枔銆�
銆�銆�浠ュお闄�(y谩ng)鍏変綔鐐哄叆灏勫厜鐨勫弽灏勭巼锛岀ū(ch膿ng)鐐哄弽鐓х巼(albedo)銆傚弽鐓х巼涔熷氨鏄嚜鐒剁墿楂旂殑鍙嶅皠鐜�銆傜墿楂旂殑鍏夎瓬鍙嶅皠鐜囬毃娉㈤暦(zh菐ng)璁婂寲鐨勬洸绶�(xi脿n)绋�(ch膿ng)鐐哄厜璀滃弽灏勭巼鏇茬窔(xi脿n)锛屽畠鐨勫舰鐙�鍙嶆槧浜嗗湴鐗╃殑娉㈣瓬鐗瑰緛銆傚弽灏勭巼涓嶅儏鏄尝闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)涔熸槸鍏ュ皠瑙�锛岀墿楂旂殑闆诲(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(闆诲皫(d菐o)銆佷粙闆�銆佺瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)绛�)浠ュ強琛ㄩ潰绮楃硻搴�銆佽唱(zh矛)鍦扮瓑鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆傚洜姝�锛屽皪(du矛)浜庨仚鎰熸噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ�岃█锛屼换浣曠墿楂旂殑鍙嶅皠鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾渶鑳芥彮绀虹洰妯�(bi膩o)鐨勬湰璩�(zh矛)锛屽苟鏈�鐐烘湁鐢�銆�
銆�銆�鐗╅珨灏�(du矛)闆荤娉㈢殑鍙嶅皠鏈変笁绋舰寮忥細
銆�銆�a)閺￠潰鍙嶅皠(Specular reflection)
銆�銆�鐣�(d膩ng)鍏ュ皠鑳介噺鍏ㄩ儴鎴栧咕涔庡叏閮ㄦ寜鐩稿弽鏂瑰悜鍙嶅皠锛屼笖鍙嶅皠瑙掔瓑浜庡叆灏勮锛岀ū(ch膿ng)鐐洪彙闈㈠弽灏勩�傝嫢琛ㄩ潰鐩稿皪(du矛)浜庡叆灏勬尝闀�(zh菐ng)鏄厜婊戠殑锛屽墖鍑虹従(xi脿n)閺￠潰鍙嶅皠锛庡皪(du矛)鍙(ji脿n)鍏夎�岃█锛屽湪閺￠潰銆佸厜婊戦噾灞〃闈�銆佸钩闈滄按楂旇〃闈㈠潎鍙櫦(f膩)鐢熼彙闈㈠弽灏勶紱鑰屽皪(du矛)寰尝鑰岃█锛岀敱浜庢尝闀�(zh菐ng)杓冮暦(zh菐ng)锛屾晠棣矾闈篃绗﹀悎閺￠潰鍙嶅皠瑕�(gu墨)寰嬨��
銆�銆�b)婕弽灏�(diffuse reflection)
銆�銆�鐣�(d膩ng)鍏ュ皠鑳介噺鍦ㄦ墍鏈夋柟鍚戝潎鍕诲弽灏�锛屽嵆鍏ュ皠鑳介噺浠ュ叆灏勯粸(di菐n)鐐轰腑蹇�锛屽湪鏁村��(g猫)鍗婄悆绌洪枔鍏�(n猫i)鍚戝洓鍛ㄥ悇鍚戝悓鎬х殑鍙嶅皠鑳介噺鐨勭従(xi脿n)璞★紝绋�(ch膿ng)鐐烘极鍙嶅皠銆�
銆�銆�涓�鍊�(g猫)瀹屽叏鐨勬极灏勯珨绋�(ch膿ng)鐐烘湕浼珨(Lambertian)銆傚緸浠讳綍瑙掑害瑙�(gu膩n)瀵熸湕浼珨琛ㄩ潰锛屽叾杓诲皠浜害閮界浉鍚屻�傝嫢琛ㄩ潰鐩稿皪(du矛)浜庡叆灏勬尝闀�(zh菐ng)鏄矖绯欑殑锛屽嵆鐣�(d膩ng)鍏ュ皠娉㈤暦(zh菐ng)姣斿湴琛ㄩ珮搴﹀皬鎴栨瘮鍦拌〃绲勬垚鐗╄唱(zh矛)绮掑害灏忔檪(sh铆)锛屽墖琛ㄩ潰鐧�(f膩)鐢熸极鍙嶅皠銆傚灏�(du矛)鍙(ji脿n)鍏夎�岃█锛屽湡鐭宠矾闈�銆佸潎涓�鐨勮崏鍦拌〃闈㈠潎灞极灏勯珨銆傛极灏勯珨淇濈暀浜嗗弽灏勮〃闈㈢殑鍏夎瓬淇℃伅(椤忚壊鎴栦寒搴�)銆傚洜鑰屽湪閬欐劅闋�(l菒ng)鍩熻寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ��
銆�銆�c)鏂瑰悜鍙嶅皠(Directional reflection)
銆�銆�鏈椾集楂旇〃闈㈠(sh铆)闅涗笂鏄竴鍊�(g猫)鐞嗘兂鍖栫殑琛ㄩ潰锛庡畠琚亣瀹氱偤浠嬭唱(zh矛)鏄潎鍕荤殑銆佸悇鍚戝悓鎬х殑锛屽苟鍦ㄩ仚鎰熶腑澶氱敤浠ヤ綔鐐鸿繎浼肩殑鑷劧琛ㄩ潰銆備絾浜嬪(sh铆)涓�锛岄�氶亷(gu貌)澶ч噺瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)璀夋槑闆荤杓诲皠鑸囧湴琛ㄧ浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑烘槑椤殑鏂瑰悜鎬х壒寰併�傝嚜鐒剁晫澶у鏁�(sh霉)鍦拌〃鏃笉瀹屽叏鏄矖绯欐湕浼〃闈�锛屼篃涓嶅畬鍏ㄦ槸鍏夋粦鐨勨�滈彙闈⑩�濓紝鑰屾槸浠嬩簬鍏╄�呬箣闁撶殑闈炴湕浼〃闈�銆傚叾鍙嶅皠骞堕潪鍚勫悜鍚屾��锛岃�屽叿鏈夋槑椤殑鏂瑰悜鎬�锛屽嵆鏂瑰悜鍙嶅皠銆傞彙闈㈠弽灏勪篃鍙獚(r猫n)鐐烘槸鏂瑰悜鍙嶅皠鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)鐗逛緥銆�
銆�銆�2) 鍚告敹
銆�銆�3) 閫忓皠(Transmission)
銆�銆�鐣�(d膩ng)闆荤娉㈠叆灏勫埌鍏╃ó浠嬭唱(zh矛)鐨勫垎鐣岄潰鏅�(sh铆)锛岄儴浠藉叆灏勮兘绌胯秺鍏╀粙璩�(zh矛)鐨勫垎鐣岄潰鐨勭従(xi脿n)璞�銆傜ū(ch膿ng)鐐洪�忓皠銆傞�忓皠鐨勮兘閲忕┛瓒婁粙璩�(zh矛)鏅�(sh铆)锛屽線寰�閮ㄥ垎琚粙璩�(zh矛)鍚告敹骞惰綁(zhu菐n)鎻涙垚鐔辫兘鍐嶇櫦(f膩)灏�銆�
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銆�銆�1锛夌啽杓诲皠
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