涓�绋皥闁�鎺㈡脯闆婚洟杓诲皠(伪绮掑瓙銆佄茬矑瀛愩�佄冲皠绶氬拰X灏勭窔)寮峰害鐨勮鏁�(sh霉)鍎�鍣�銆傜敱鍏呮埃鐨勭鎴栧皬瀹や綔鎺㈤牠锛岀暥鍚戞帰闋柦鍔犵殑闆诲閬斿埌涓�瀹氳寖鍦嶆檪锛屽皠绶氬湪绠″収姣忛浕闆㈢敘鐢熶竴灏嶉洟瀛�锛屽氨鑳芥斁澶х敘鐢熶竴鍊嬬浉鍚屽ぇ灏忕殑闆昏剤娌栧苟琚浉閫ｇ殑闆诲瓙瑁濈疆鎵�瑷橀寗锛岀敱姝ゆ脯閲忓緱鍠綅鏅傞枔鍏х殑灏勭窔鏁�(sh霉)銆�
钃嬮潻瑷堟暩(sh霉)鍣�鐨勫師鐞嗗湒钃嬮潻瑷堟暩(sh霉)鍣�(Geiger counter)鍙堝彨钃嬮潻-绫冲嫆瑷堟暩(sh霉)鍣�(Geiger-M眉ller counter)锛屾槸涓�绋敤浜庢帰娓浕闆㈣蓟灏勭殑绮掑瓙鎺㈡脯鍣�锛岄�氬父鐢ㄤ簬鎺㈡脯伪绮掑瓙鍜屛茬矑瀛�锛屼篃鏈変簺鍨嬭櫉钃嬮潻瑷堟暩(sh霉)鍣ㄥ彲浠ユ帰娓冲皠绶氬強X灏勭窔銆�
钃嬮潻瑷堟暩(sh霉)鍣ㄦ渶鍒濇槸鍦�1908骞寸敱寰峰湅鐗╃悊瀛稿婕㈡柉路钃嬮潻鍜岃憲鍚嶇殑鑻卞湅鐗╃悊瀛稿鐩х憻绂忓湪伪绮掑瓙鏁ｅ皠瀵﹂涓�锛岀偤浜嗘帰娓辩矑瀛愯�岃ō瑷堢殑銆傚悗渚嗗湪1928骞达紝钃嬮潻鍙堝拰浠栫殑瀛哥敓绫冲嫆(Walther M眉ller)灏嶅叾閫茶浜嗘敼閫瞇1]锛屼娇鍏跺彲浠ョ敤浜庢帰娓墍鏈夌殑闆婚洟杓诲皠銆�
1947骞达紝缇庡湅浜篠idney H. Liebson鍦ㄥ叾鍗氬＋瀛镐綅鐮旂┒涓張灏嶈搵闈╄▓鏁�(sh霉)鍣ㄥ仛浜嗛�蹭竴姝ョ殑鏀归�瞇2]锛屼娇寰楄搵闈╃浣跨敤杓冧綆鐨勫伐浣滈浕澹�锛屽苟涓旈’钁楀欢闀蜂簡鍏朵娇鐢ㄥ＝鍛姐�傞�欑ó鏀归�蹭篃琚ū鐐衡�滈沟绱犺▓鏁�(sh霉)鍣ㄢ��銆�
1964骞�锛屽湪缇庡湅鍜屽痉鍦嬮兘鏈変簡鎴愮啛鎶�琛擄紝骞朵笖鏈夊皥妤�(y猫)鐨勭敓鐢㈠粻瀹堕枊濮嬮噺鐢�銆傝搵闈╄▓鏁�(sh霉)鍣ㄥ洜鐐哄叾閫犲児浣庡粔銆佷娇鐢ㄦ柟渚裤�佹帰娓寖鍦嶅唬娉�锛岃嚦浠婁粛鐒惰鏅亶鍦颁娇鐢ㄤ簬鏍哥墿鐞嗗銆侀啱(y墨)瀛�銆佺矑瀛愮墿鐞嗗鍙婂伐妤�(y猫)闋樺煙銆�
鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｈ搵闈�-绫冲嫆瑷堟暩(sh霉)鍣ㄥ凡闁嬪閲囩敤澶ц(gu墨)妯￠泦鎴愰浕璺唬鏇夸簡鐣跺勾鐨勪笁妤电椹呭嫊鐧�(f膩)鑱插櫒浠剁殑鏂瑰紡瀵︾従(xi脿n)鏈夋晥瑷堟暩(sh霉)骞跺彲瑷堢畻鍑虹浉鎳夌殑杓荤収寮峰害鍙婄疮绌嶅彈杓荤収閲�锛屽苟鍙�氶亷椤ず瑷倷绮剧⒑椤ず鍑轰締銆�
缍韩闆诲瓙閫氾紝闆诲瓙鐭ヨ瓨锛屼竴鏌ョ櫨閫氾紒
宸叉敹閷勮姊�153979鍊�
