銆�銆�鍥烘厠(t脿i)褰卞儚鍌虫劅鍣�( solid state image sensors)鎶�琛�(sh霉)璧锋簮浜�20涓栫磤60骞翠唬鏈�锛屽畠閫氶亷灏囧厜瀛愯綁(zhu菐n)鎻涚偤闆昏嵎骞惰�橀寗鍦ㄥ瓨鍎蹭粙璩�(zh矛)涓�浠ュ�︾従(xi脿n)鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀湒鍍忕殑鐛插彇( SHORTISet al锛�1996)銆傜暥鍓嶆噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鍥烘厠(t脿i)褰卞儚鍌虫劅鍣ㄩ�炲瀷涓昏�佹湁CCD銆丆MOS銆丣FETLBCAST銆丗oveon X3銆丩ive MOS绛�锛屽叾涓�鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ渶澶氱殑鏄疌CD鍜孋MOS鍌虫劅鍣�銆�

銆�銆�闄や簡璧锋劅鍏変綔鐢ㄧ殑鍏夐浕绠′互澶�锛屽奖鍍忓偝鎰熷櫒閭勫寘鎷�涓�绯诲垪鐨勫叾浠栨��(g貌u)浠剁偤浜嗘洿濂藉湴鍒╃敤鍏夌窔銆傚湪姣忎竴鍍忕礌鍓嶉兘瑁濇湁寰�閫忛彙锛岃┎閫忛彙璧峰埌鈥滄崋缍佲�濆厜鏉熺殑浣滅敤銆傚井閫忛彙鑳藉�犳笡灏戦倞绶ｅ厜鐨勬悕澶便�備笉鍚屼簬鍌崇当(t菕ng)鑶犵墖锛屽奖鍍忓偝鎰熷櫒鐨勫厜闆讳簩妤电�￠洠浠ュ皪鍌炬枩灏勫叆鐨勯倞绶ｅ厜鏉熷姞浠ュ埄鐢�锛岀収鐗囧洓鍛ㄨ純鏆�銆傚井閫忛彙鑳戒娇鍌虫劅鍣ㄩ倞瑙掕檿鐨勫厜绶氫篃鑳藉瀭鐩村皠鍏ュ柈鍊嬬殑鍏夐浕绠�銆�
銆�銆�鍠�鍊嬪厜闆荤�″彧鑳借�橀寗浜�搴﹀��锛屼篃灏辨槸瑾�锛屽厜闆荤�℃槸鈥滆壊鐩测��銆傜偤浜嗘媿鍑哄僵鑹茬収鐗�锛屽湪鍏夐浕浜屾サ绠＄殑鍓嶄竴灞ゅ姞瑁濅簡绱�銆佺稜銆佽棈涓夊師鑹叉烤鑹查彙銆�
銆�銆�鎷滆�虫烤閺′腑锛屽悇婵鹃彙涔嬮枔鐨勬瘮渚嬮棞(gu膩n)绯荤偤绱�25%銆佽棈25%銆佺稜50%銆傞浕鑵﹀睆骞曚笂鐨勬墍鏈夎壊褰╅兘鏄�鐢遍�欎笁绋�鑹插僵鎸夌収涓嶅悓姣斾緥娣峰悎鑰屾垚鐨勩�傚�傛灉涓夌ó鑹插僵鍏ㄩ儴瑷橀寗涓嬪厜閲�锛屽儚绱犻’绀虹偤鐧借壊銆傚弽涔�锛屽�傛灉涓夊師鑹蹭粈涔堥兘娌掕�橀寗涓嬩��锛屽儚绱犻’绀虹偤榛戣壊銆傜磪銆佺稜銆佽棈涓夌ó鑹插僵鐩镐簰鐤婂姞寰楀埌鐨勫悇绋�鑹插��锛屾兜钃嬩簡浜虹溂瑕栧姏鎵�鑳芥劅鐭ョ殑鎵�鏈夎壊褰�銆傜稜鑹蹭箣鎵�浠ュ崰鍒颁竴鍗婏紝鏄�鍥犵偤浜虹溂灏嶇稜鑹叉洿鍔犳晱鎰�銆�
銆�銆�鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ墠瑁濇湁涓�绯诲垪婵鹃彙锛岀敤浜庢秷闄や笉鎯宠�佺殑鏁堟��銆傚熀鏈�涓婃瘡鑷烘��(sh霉)纰肩浉姗熼兘瑁濇湁浣庨�氭烤閺′綆閫氭烤閺″姞瑁濆湪鐩告�熺殑鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ��锛屽厑瑷变綆闋诲厜绶氶�氶亷锛岄樆鎿嬮珮闋诲厜绶�銆備綆閫氭烤閺＄殑浣滅敤鍦ㄤ簬娓涘急鎽╃埦绱�銆傜（鐖剧磱鏄�涓�绋�鍥犳��(sh霉)纰肩浉姗熺殑鎰熷厜鍏冧欢鍙楀埌楂橀牷骞叉摼锛岃�屽湪鍦栧儚涓婂嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勫僵鑹茬殑銆佸舰鐙�涓嶈��(gu墨)寰嬬殑骞叉秹姊濈磱銆傚�傛灉鏁�(sh霉)纰肩浉姗熸劅鍏夊厓浠剁殑绌洪枔闋荤巼鑸囪��鏀濆皪璞＄殑绌洪枔闋荤巼鎺ヨ繎锛屽氨鏈冪敘(ch菐n)鐢熸懇鐖剧磱銆傚�傛灉閺￠牠鐨勫垎杈ㄧ巼灏忎簬鎰熷厜鍏冧欢鐨勭┖闁撻牷鐜囷紝褰卞儚涓�灏变笉鏈冨嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鑸囨劅鍏夊厓浠剁┖闁撻牷鐜囩浉杩戠殑姊濈磱锛屼篃灏变笉鏈冪敘(ch菐n)鐢熸懇鐖剧磱銆備絾鏄�锛岀洰鍓嶇殑鎶�琛�(sh霉)姘村钩鏈夐檺锛屽彧鑳介潬鍔犲叆浣庨�氭烤閺′締娓涘急鎽╃埦绱嬨�傜劧鑰�锛屼綆閫氭烤閺℃湁涓�寮婄��锛岄偅灏辨槸瀹冩渻澶уぇ闄嶄綆鐩告�熺殑鎴愬儚閵冲��锛屽奖闊跨暙璩�(zh矛)銆�

銆�銆�1銆侀浕鑽疯棔鍚堢祫浠跺湒鍍忓偝鎰熷櫒CCD锛圕hargeCoupledDevice锛�銆侰CD鏄�鍗婂��(d菐o)楂旂祫浠�锛屼簬1970骞寸敱缇庡湅璨濈埦(Bell)瀵﹂�楀�ょ櫦(f膩)鏄庛�侰CD鍏跺�︽槸涓�绲勫彲浠ラ�茶��"鍏夐浕杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�"鐨勫厜闆婚珨锛岀暥鍏夐�氶亷閺￠牠鑱氱劍褰㈡垚褰卞儚鍚庯紝CCD渚挎渻灏囧奖鍍忕殑鍏夎▕铏熻綁(zhu菐n)鎻涚偤闆昏▕铏燂紙闆诲�擄��銆傚厜閲忔剤澶э紝閲嬫斁鍑虹殑闆诲瓙鏁�(sh霉)閲忔剤澶�锛岄浕瑷婅櫉浜︽剤寮凤紝鍍忕礌鐨勯’绀哄墖鏈冩剤浜�銆傚湪CCD涓婄祫鎴愮暙闈㈢殑鏈�灏忓柈浣嶈��绋辩偤鍍忕礌锛屾瘡鍊嬪厜闆婚珨浜﹀嵆绛変簬涓�鍊嬪儚绱�銆傛瘡濉奀CD鎵�鍚�鍍忕礌鐨勬��(sh霉)鐩�鑸囧ぇ灏忛兘鑸囧奖鍍忚��(zh矛)绱犳湁钁楃洿鎺ラ棞(gu膩n)绯汇�傚儚绱犳剤楂�锛岃几鍑虹殑褰卞儚璩�(zh矛)绱犱究鎰堥珮銆�
銆�銆�2銆佷簰瑁滄�ф哀鍖栭噾灞�鍗婂��(d菐o)楂擟MOS锛圕omplementaryMetal-OxideSemiconductor锛�锛屽拰CCD涓�妯ｅ悓鐐哄湪鏁�(sh霉)纰肩浉姗熶腑鍙�瑷橀寗鍏夌窔璁婂寲鐨勫崐灏�(d菐o)楂�銆侰MOS鐨勫埗閫犳妧琛�(sh霉)鍜屼竴鑸�瑷堢畻姗熻姱鐗囨矑浠�涔堝樊鍒�锛屼富瑕佹槸鍒╃敤纭呭拰閸洪�欏叐绋�鍏冪礌鎵�鍋氭垚鐨勫崐灏�(d菐o)楂�锛屼娇鍏跺湪CMOS涓婂叡瀛樿憲甯禢锛堝付鈥撻浕锛夊拰P锛堝付+闆伙級绱氱殑鍗婂皫(d菐o)楂�锛岄�欏叐鍊嬩簰瑁滄晥鎳�(y墨ng)鎵�鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑闆绘祦鍗冲彲琚�铏曠悊鑺�鐗囩磤閷勫拰瑙ｈ畝鎴愬奖鍍�銆�

銆�銆�鍍忔晱鍠�鍏冧互鍙婃��(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铏曠悊鍜屽偝閫佹柟寮忕殑涓嶅悓灏�(d菐o)鑷碈CD鍜孋MOS鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ湪鎬ц兘涓婃湁鎵�宸�鐣�锛屼富瑕侀珨鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鏂归潰锛�
銆�銆�1銆丆CD鍍忔晱鍠�鍏冧腑娌掓湁淇¤櫉鏀惧ぇ瑁濈��锛屾劅鍏変簩妤电�″彲浠ュ崰鎿�(j霉)鍍忔晱鍠�鍏冭〃闈㈣純澶х殑闈㈢�嶏紙闁嬪彛鐜囷級銆傚洜姝�锛孋CD鐨勫厜鍒╃敤鏁堢巼銆佸嫊鎱�(t脿i)鑼冨湇浠ュ強鎰熷厜搴︾瓑鎬ц兘閮藉劒(y艒u)浜嶤MOS銆傚悓鏅�锛岀敱浜庡儚鏁忓柈鍏冨彲浠ュ仛寰楀緢灏�锛屽湪鐩稿悓闈㈢�嶄笂CCD鑳藉�犳帓鍒楁洿澶氱殑鍍忔晱鍠�鍏�锛屽叾鍒嗚鲸鐜囦篃楂樹簬CMOS銆�
銆�銆�2銆丆CD涓�涓嶅悓鍍忔晱鍠�鍏冭几鍑虹殑闆讳俊铏熼�茶�岀��(t菕ng)涓�鏀惧ぇ锛屽叾鍣�鑱蹭綆浜嶤MOS銆傚彟涓�鏂归潰锛岀敱浜嶤MOS涓�鍚勫儚鏁忓柈鍏冨柈鐛ㄥ皪鍏朵俊铏熼�茶�屾斁澶э紝寰堥洠淇濊瓑鎵�鏈夋斁澶у櫒鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暩(sh霉)鐨勪竴鑷存��锛屾晠鏇存槗灏�(d菐o)鑷村儚绱犻熆鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勪笉鍧囧嫽鎬�銆�
銆�銆�3銆丆CD闇�瑕佸�栧姞闆诲�撴墠鑳戒娇闆昏嵎绉诲嫊锛屽苟涓斾笉鍚岀殑鍨傜洿瀵勫瓨鍣ㄩ渶瑕佺殑闆诲�撲笉涓�妯�锛岃�佺敤灏堢敤鐨勯浕婧愮�＄悊闆昏矾銆傚洜姝�锛孋CD鐨勫姛鑰楁瘮鍚屽昂瀵哥殑CMOS楂樸��
銆�銆�4銆丆CD闇�瑕佷娇鐢ㄥ皥闁�鐨勫埗閫犺ō(sh猫)鍌欙紝鑰屼笖涓�鍊嬪柈鍏冪殑鎼嶅�炴渻閫犳垚鏁村垪鍫卞虎锛屽洜鑰屽叾鎴愬搧鐜囦綆锛岀敓鐢�(ch菐n)鎴愭湰鍜屾妧琛�(sh霉)闁�妾昏純楂�銆侰MOS鍌虫劅鍣ㄩ噰鐢ㄤ竴鑸�鍗婂��(d菐o)楂旈浕璺�鏈�甯哥敤鐨凜MOS宸ヨ棟锛屾妧琛�(sh霉)鐩稿皪鎴愮啛锛屽埗閫犳垚鏈�杓冧��锛屾洿鏄撲簬鏅�鍙�銆�
銆�銆�绺介珨鑰岃█锛孋CD鐨勬垚鍍忔�ц兘鍎�(y艒u)浜嶤MOS銆傚洜姝�锛屽湪鏀濆奖娓�閲忛��(l菒ng)鍩熸噳(y墨ng)鐩″彲鑳藉湴閲囩敤鍩轰簬CCD鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ殑鏁�(sh霉)纰肩浉姗熴��

銆�銆�鍍忔晱鍠�鍏冧互鍙婃��(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铏曠悊鍜屽偝閫佹柟寮忕殑涓嶅悓灏�(d菐o)鑷碈CD鍜孋MOS鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ湪鎬ц兘涓婃湁鎵�宸�鐣�锛屼富瑕侀珨鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鏂归潰锛�
銆�銆�1銆丆CD鍍忔晱鍠�鍏冧腑娌掓湁淇¤櫉鏀惧ぇ瑁濈��锛屾劅鍏変簩妤电�″彲浠ュ崰鎿�(j霉)鍍忔晱鍠�鍏冭〃闈㈣純澶х殑闈㈢�嶏紙闁嬪彛鐜囷級銆傚洜姝わ紝CCD鐨勫厜鍒╃敤鏁堢巼銆佸嫊鎱�(t脿i)鑼冨湇浠ュ強鎰熷厜搴︾瓑鎬ц兘閮藉劒(y艒u)浜嶤MOS銆傚悓鏅�锛岀敱浜庡儚鏁忓柈鍏冨彲浠ュ仛寰楀緢灏�锛屽湪鐩稿悓闈㈢�嶄笂CCD鑳藉�犳帓鍒楁洿澶氱殑鍍忔晱鍠�鍏冿紝鍏跺垎杈ㄧ巼涔熼珮浜嶤MOS銆�
銆�銆�2銆丆CD涓�涓嶅悓鍍忔晱鍠�鍏冭几鍑虹殑闆讳俊铏熼�茶�岀��(t菕ng)涓�鏀惧ぇ锛屽叾鍣�鑱蹭綆浜嶤MOS銆傚彟涓�鏂归潰锛岀敱浜嶤MOS涓�鍚勫儚鏁忓柈鍏冨柈鐛ㄥ皪鍏朵俊铏熼�茶�屾斁澶э紝寰堥洠淇濊瓑鎵�鏈夋斁澶у櫒鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暩(sh霉)鐨勪竴鑷存��锛屾晠鏇存槗灏�(d菐o)鑷村儚绱犻熆鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勪笉鍧囧嫽鎬�銆�
銆�銆�3銆丆CD闇�瑕佸�栧姞闆诲�撴墠鑳戒娇闆昏嵎绉诲嫊锛屽苟涓斾笉鍚岀殑鍨傜洿瀵勫瓨鍣ㄩ渶瑕佺殑闆诲�撲笉涓�妯ｏ紝瑕佺敤灏堢敤鐨勯浕婧愮�＄悊闆昏��銆傚洜姝�锛孋CD鐨勫姛鑰楁瘮鍚屽昂瀵哥殑CMOS楂�銆�
銆�銆�4銆丆CD闇�瑕佷娇鐢ㄥ皥闁�鐨勫埗閫犺ō(sh猫)鍌�锛岃�屼笖涓�鍊嬪柈鍏冪殑鎼嶅�炴渻閫犳垚鏁村垪鍫卞虎锛屽洜鑰屽叾鎴愬搧鐜囦綆锛岀敓鐢�(ch菐n)鎴愭湰鍜屾妧琛�(sh霉)闁�妾昏純楂�銆侰MOS鍌虫劅鍣ㄩ噰鐢ㄤ竴鑸�鍗婂��(d菐o)楂旈浕璺�鏈�甯哥敤鐨凜MOS宸ヨ棟锛屾妧琛�(sh霉)鐩稿皪鎴愮啛锛屽埗閫犳垚鏈�杓冧��锛屾洿鏄撲簬鏅�鍙�銆�
銆�銆�绺介珨鑰岃█锛孋CD鐨勬垚鍍忔�ц兘鍎�(y艒u)浜嶤MOS銆傚洜姝�锛屽湪鏀濆奖娓�閲忛��(l菒ng)鍩熸噳(y墨ng)鐩″彲鑳藉湴閲囩敤鍩轰簬CCD鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ殑鏁�(sh霉)纰肩浉姗�銆�